【作者】 谢玲玲；

【导师】 傅鸿源； 周习兵；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 项目管理， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 目前,我国工程建设项目的投资决策阶段和设计阶段作为工程前期工作的主要组成部分具有十分重要的意义,对于建设项目的造价控制起到举足轻重的作用。然而在实际工作中,对于建设前期阶段的造价控制却并未引起足够的重视和研究,一些项目,对于建设前期阶段的调查、研究不够深入,论证不够充分,因此普遍在建设过程中出现“概算超估算、预算超概算、决算超预算”的“三超”现象,严重困扰着建设工程投资效益管理。对于国家、企业造成极大的资金压力,并且也造成了资金浪费。本文分析比较了当前我们在建设项目的前期造价控制阶段存在的问题,针对这些问题结合实例提出了相应的解决方法,为有效地控制工程造价提出了相应的对策。本文重点讨论了在工程项目的前期投资决策阶段对工程造价控制的影响,及投资估算的编制和应用问题。并分析计算了不同的投资估算编制方法,使投资者对投资方案进行优选,合理确定投资估算,控制好项目总投资,权衡项目的风险与收益,编制项目建议书和可行性研究报告。不能只看各种理论数据、理论指标,还要对项目实施过程中可能发生的各种风险进行客观的估计和预测,综合分析以得出正确的投资决策结论。在工程设计管理过程中利用价值工程原理进行设计方案的优选,是国际上普遍采用的方法,可以将技术与经济圆满地统一起来,使得设计方案的选择充分考虑到了经济因素,使管理者在将来的施工与结算的投资控制中占据有利条件。限额设计理论是国内外在设计过程中控制管理工程造价的重要手段,在设计全过程贯彻造价控制思想,保证预期投资目标得以顺利实现。通过在设计单位内对限额设计的横向与纵向控制,能够充分发挥设计人员的工作主观能动性,将设计思想与工程造价圆满结合,并且本文针对限额设计中的不足,提出了相应的对策。更多还原

【Abstract】 As an important part of project construction in early stages, either investment decision or design activities play significant role in construction cost management. Nevertheless, construction practitioners fail to recognise such kind of important role. For instance, considerable construction projects are started without any detailed investigation, leading to cost overrun, posing more difficulty onto financial management, and resulting in capital management inefficiency.This study aims to examine the issues of cost management in early phases of project construction. Three research questions are therefore raised, namely,①what are problems with cost management in current construction practice?②how can these problems be resolved? and③how to guide cost management in practice based on the solutions?Emphasis of the study is placed on the argument over multiple capital sources, and ways of capital loaning in early phases of construction project. Methods of computing capital utilisation cost are proposed for analysing capital structure of construction firm. To well assist construction firms in predicting project futures, as well as to mitigate possible construction risks, the study furthermore proposes a capital scheme which favours the lowest comprehensive capital cost. Dynamic investment pay-back period, net present value, and internal rate of return are emphasised in project economic appraisal. It is suggested that time value should be taken into more consideration to attain an integrated project feasibility study, and provide more information for project managers and decision-makers to understand the feature of projects construction.Value management (VM) has been widely considered an effective tool in optimising project design schemes. VM helps to strike a balance between economy and technical requirement for a particular project. The approach of design under quota is good for managing construction cost. Through limiting the design not beyond the budget, this approach facilitates the target of cost control in the design phase of project, encourages more innovation, and combining design idea with construction cost. This study finally argues the benefit and weaknesses of this approach, and solutions are addressed to promote its effectiveness.更多还原