日本中等职业教育办学模式研究

【作者】 吴振荣；

【导师】 刘新科；

【作者基本信息】 陕西师范大学 ， 教育史， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 中等职业教育是我国教育体系一个重要的组成部分。改革开放30年来,我国的职业教育发展迅速,为现代化建设培养了一批急需人才,但不可否认的是,我国的中等职业教育还存在诸多问题,特别是在办学模式上,不少中等职业院校承袭普通中等学校模式,培养出的学生实践技能低,动手能力差,就业压力加大,已经不适应我国社会经济发展的需要。日本与我国一衣带水,在文化传统、地理位置、人口形态和历史发展轨迹方面较之欧美诸国,有着更多相似之处。日本是世界上职业教育最发达的国家之一,有着完善的职业教育体系、严格的师资培训制度、配套的职业教育法规、完备的国家职业资格鉴定制度等,同时也是社会发展中受惠于职业教育最多的国家之一。因此,探究日本中等职业教育办学模式,吸收和借鉴日本中等职业教育先进的办学模式的成功经验,改革现行的单一僵化的办学模式,将有助于推动现阶段我国中等职业教育的发展与改革。本文以日本中等职业教育的发展历程为线索,以日本中等职业教育办学模式为研究对象,分析归纳了日本中等职业教育办学模式的特点:办学主体的多元化、办学形式的多样化、办学经费来源的多渠道、师资培养渠道的制度化:结合我国中等职业教育办学模式的现状及存在的问题,借鉴日本中等职业教育办学模式发展的经验,提出改革我国中等职业教育办学模式的建议。本文的研究主要采用文献法、历史研究法。论文分四大部分:第一部分从战前、战后两个时间纬度来阐述日本中等职业教育办学模式在办学主体、办学形式、办学经费、职教师资等四个方面的发展和变化。第二部分是在第一部分的基础上分析总结了日本中等职业教育办学模式多样化的特点,办学主体由政府主导到市场导向与政府辅助相结合;办学形式从结构、学制、学科种类到产学合作都体现出多样化的趋势;办学经费来源的多渠道;师资培养渠道的制度化。第三部分研究我国现阶段中等职业教育的现状及存在的问题。第四部分借鉴日本中等职业教育办学模式的经验,提出改革我国中等职业教育办学模式的建议:加快推进中等职业教育办学主体的多元化发展;在产学合作方面,应加强政府对中等职业教育的支持力度;在发展民办职业教育方面,积极借鉴日本的民办职业学校;重视职业教育投资制度化、保障职业教育经费,促进对职业教育的投资渠道多元化;重视加强师资队伍建设,努力培养高素质的职业教师队伍以及加强劳动准入制度的实施力度等。总之,研究并借鉴日本中等职业教育发展的成功经验,对推进我国中等职业教育办学模式的改革与发展具有重要的理论价值和现实指导意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 The secondary vocational education is an important part of the education system in china. For 30 Years of Reforming and Opening, China’s vocational education has developed rapidly and cultivated the urgently needed talents for modernization construction. Yet there exists many problems in secondary vocational education, especially in the school running model, that is many secondary professional schools inherits the common middle school running model, which causes trained students have low practical skill, poor operating capability and faces more employment pressure, which does not meet the needs of the development of society and economy.Compared with the Europe and America, Japan and China are a narrow strip of water from geography, and have more similar aspects in cultural tradition, geographical position , population morphology and historical development. As one of the most developed countries in vocational education, Japan is proud of its perfect vocation system and strict teacher-training systems, relative vocational education laws and regulations, complete national vocational certificating systems, the life-long training system and learning society, meanwhile, Japan is one of the most benefited countries from the vocational education. So, Researching Japan’s school running mode of secondary vocational education, absorbing and taking for reference useful experience of running secondary vocational school in Japan, reforming current single and rigescent school running mode, which will help promote the development and reform of secondary vocational education in china.Taking the course of development of secondary vocational education in Japan as the clue, this thesis takes Japan’s school running mode of secondary vocational education as the research object, and analyses and induces the Characteristics of school running mode of secondary vocational education in Japan, namely, diversified subjects of running school and varied school running forms, multiple channels of school running fund, Institutionalized approach of teacher training. On the basis of studying present situation and existing problems of school running mode of secondary vocational education in china, this thesis takes the experiences of running secondary vocational school in Japan for reference, and put forward some suggestions on reforming the school running mode of secondary vocational education in china.This thesis mainly adopts the method of historical literature research, and consists of four parts. The first part describes the historical development of Japan’s school running mode of secondary vocational education before and after World War II in four aspects: subjects of running school and school running forms, school running fund and teacher training. On the basis of the first part, the second part induces the Characteristics of pluralistic school running mode of secondary vocational education in Japan, namely, diversified subjects of running school and varied school running forms, multiple channels of school running fund, Institutionalized approach of teacher training. The third part analyzes present situation and existing problems of school running mode of secondary vocational education in china. The fourth part uses the experience of running secondary vocational school in Japan for reference, and put forward some suggestions on reforming the school running mode of secondary vocational education in china in several aspects: prompting the development of diversified subjects of running school; strengthening government support to secondary vocational education on vocational education-enterprises corporations; developing non-governmental vocational education; Paying great attention to vocational education investment institutionalization, Guaranteeing vocational education fund and promoting the development of multiple investment channels of vocational education; Strengthening the construction of vocational teaching staff; Strengthening the power of implementation of labor permit system. In summary, the research and reference on successful experiences of Japan’s vocational education is of important theoretical value and realistic significance更多还原