节点文献
我国中小学班级规模研究
【作者】 王燕；
【导师】 郝文武；
【作者基本信息】 陕西师范大学 ， 教育学原理， 2008， 硕士
【摘要】 目前,我国实现了普及九年制义务教育,在适龄儿童就学问题基本得到解决的基础上,基础教育的重心已从保证学生数量转向提高基础教育质量。班级规模是影响教育质量的重要因素之一。但长期以来,班级规模问题一直未引起我国教育界的足够重视,亦未得到合理妥善的解决,并在一定程度上影响了素质教育的推行和新课改的实施,成为制约我国基础教育质量提高的瓶颈问题。本文运用文献法和数据分析法,对国内外班级规模研究进行回顾和分析。通过对中小学班额数据的收集整理,根据我国城市、县镇、农村中小学的班额分布情况和中小学大、中、小班额的分布隋况两个维度绘制班额相关折线图,以此描述我国16年来中小学班级规模的状况:中小学班级规模普遍过大,大班额教学已经成为我国基础教育阶段的特征之一;小学与中学班额差异显著,初中的大班现象都比较严重,尤其是县镇和农村,我国城市和县镇中的小学大班最为严重。造成我国中小学班级规模问题主要有以下三个方面:学龄儿童众多,教育优质资源匮乏,城乡教育失衡是造成我国中小学班级规模问题的直接因素;我国中小学“以生定编”,带来的负而效应和市场经济环境中对经济效益过度追求是学校扩大班级规模的间接因素:而层层择校和教育腐败是造成中小学班额分布不合理的主观因素。此外,论文分析了中小学班级规模问题对学校教育产生的重要影响:从教育学视角来看,我国中小学班级规模问题对学校的教学环境、教学过程、教学方式、教学内容、学生学业成绩产生影响;从社会学视角来看,中小学班级规模问题对学校的教育机会均等、教育过程公平、教育效果公平产生影响;从经济学视角来看,中小学班级规模问题对学校的规模经济、成本效益产生影响。对于我国中小学班级规模问题的解决,本文提出首先应该更新教育观念,完善义务教育制度;其次加大对基础教育的投入,优化教育资源配置;再次创新教育模式,探索小班化教育;最后加强班级规模实证和经济效益方面的研究。论文的基本框架为:由对班级规模的文献回顾和对我国班级规模现状进行的描述,发现我国中小学班级规模存在的问题,指出义务阶段班级规模不合理的原因并进一步分析我国中小学班级规模对学校教育质量、教育公平、教育经济效益产生的影响,最后试图提出解决班级规模问题的对策。
【Abstract】 At present, we have popularized the compulsory service of 9-grade education. The problem of education for children of school age has been solved. The emphasis of the basic education has already turning from ensuring the number of students to improving the quality of the basic education. However, the class size is one of the most reasons to influence the quality of education. But in the long period, it hasn’t still been given enough emphasis by our educational circle and hasn’t been solved reasonably. To a certain extent, it has influenced the carry-out of the quality of education and the practice of educational reform and restricted the improvement of our basic education.The article uses the methods of documents and data analysis. I reviews and analyses the class size in our country and other countries. It collects the small、middle、large class data of the primary schools and the middle schools in villages ,towns and cities. According to two latitudes, we make a folding diagram. It expresses us the circumstances of scale of the primary schools and the middle schools. In the 16 years. The scale is too large. It is one of the traits of our basic education. The number of the primary school is much different from the one of the middle school. The number of the junior school is too large, especially in villages and towns.It mainly has 3 aspects: too many children of school age, lack of good educational resource and the educational imbalance in cities and villages. They cause the problem directly . The negative effect brought by the system , made by the number of students, and excessively seeking the economic profit are the indirect reason. Choosing different schools and corrupting in education are the subjective reason. Besides, it analyses the important influence made by the problem of class size. From the visual angle of education ,the problem has effects on the teaching situation , the teaching procedures, the teaching method, the teaching contents and records of students. From the visual angle of society ,the problem has effects on the equal chance of education ,equal process of education , equal result of education. From the visual angle of economics , the problem has effects on scale economy and cost benefit.Regarding this solution the bottleneck question, this article proposed first should renew the education idea, perfect compulsory education system; next enlarge to elementary education investment, optimized education resources disposition; innovates once more the education pattern, the exploration bottom class in kindergarten education; Finally strengthens the class and grade scale real diagnosis and the economic efficiency aspect.The frame of this paper is: by to the class and grade scale literature review and the description which carries on to our country class and grade scale present situation, discovered our country elementary and middle schools class size. existence the question, pointed out the voluntary stage class and grade scale unreasonable reason and further analyzes our country elementary and middle schools class size the influence which to the school edition quality, the education fair, the education economic efficiency produces, finally attempts to propose the solution class and grade scale question countermeasure.