【作者】 徐磊；

【导师】 马勇；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 微机电工程， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 齿轮是机械工业必需和理想的传动件。齿轮传动既能均匀地传递运动,又能传递巨大的动力。虽然齿轮制造的基本原理没有改变,但近年来,设计、材料、制造工艺与检测技术却经历了巨大的变化与改进。特别是对电子工业、航空航天工业和军事武器系统中使用的许多精密齿轮提出了更加严格的精度性能要求。因此,提高齿轮测量技术成为高精度齿轮制造业的重要课题。作为齿轮加工中的一个重要指标,齿廓偏差的大小直接影响齿轮承载能力大小,噪声大小以及传动质量的高低,因此减小齿廓偏差可以从诸多方面改善现有齿轮传动存在的问题。双盘式渐开线测量装置—基准级渐开线测量仪与渐开线样板测量仪均利用双盘机械展成精密机构来复现理论渐开线轨迹,与实际被测渐开线样板齿廓相比较从而得到渐开线齿廓偏差。由于其机械部件加工与装配的高精度,且具有结构简单、误差源少和误差小的工作原理和整体结构,因而具备高精度渐开线齿轮齿廓偏差测量的要求。本文首先对双盘式渐开线测量装置的测控系统进行了研究。根据渐开线齿廓偏差测量要求,设计并搭建了渐开线样板测控系统,编写了渐开线样板测量仪的测控软件。利用VC++6.0在生成友好界面方面的优势,以软件控制为主、软硬件结合,实现了渐开线样板测量的数据采集与处理的自动化,提高了渐开线样板的测量效率和测量精度。基圆盘和导轨是双盘式渐开线测量装置的重要机构,其展成精度是影响渐开线齿廓偏差测量结果的主要方面之一。本文对齿轮及基圆盘在芯轴上的精密安装方法以及基圆盘和导轨间的相互作用这两个主要因素进行了研究:基于VC软件开发工具,采用数据采集卡,根据最小二乘法评定圆度误差原理,实现了基圆盘圆度误差数据采集和处理的自动化,并根据实验测量的结果,通过分析得到了齿轮及基圆盘在芯轴上的精密安装方法,使综合偏心误差引起的测量误差最小化,从而提高了仪器的展成精度。对于基圆盘和导轨间的相互作用,本文应用弹塑性理论,使用有限元软件ANSYS对轮轨不同材料弹塑性接触应力进行了有限元计算,并对计算结果进行了分析,得到基圆盘轮周位移和接触区尺寸,最后得出蠕滑率,从而得到弹性蠕滑对展成精度的影响,并通过实际测量实验加以验证,为测量装置的不确定度评定提供了重要参考依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Gears are necessary and ideal parts for machinery industrial. Gear transmission is not only able to pass movement and huge driving force, but also very evenly transfer movement. Although the basic principles of manufacturing gear has not changed. However, in recent years, design, materials, testing and manufacturing process technology has undergone dramatic changes and improvement. Especially the electronics industry, aerospace industry and military weapon systems use many of the precision gear, which made more stringent performance requirements. As a result, increasing the precision of gear measurement has become an important subject for gear manufacturing technology.As an important indicator of gear manufacturing, the tooth profile deviation directly impact on the carrying capacity, noise and the transmission quality of gears. Therefore, reducing tooth profile error can improve lots of the existing problems for gear drive. Reference Level Involute Measuring Apparatus and Involute Master Measuring Apparatus make use of double disc precision machinery to generating theory involute and is compared to the actual measured gear tooth profile to get gear tooth profile deviation. Because of its mechanical components with high-precision machining and assembling, the principle and the whole structure of apparatuses have characteristics of simple structure, little source of error, small error, which are able to satisfy high-precision gear tooth profile measurement.First, measurement and control system of double-disc involute measuring devices have been studied in this paper. According to the gear tooth profile deviation measurement requirements, the system of Involute Master Measuring Apparatus have been designed and built, measuring and control software have been programmed. VC + +6.0 is used to generate friendly interface, mainly in the software control, hardware and software have been combined to achieve the automation of involute master data acquisition and processing, the efficiency and accuracy of involute master measuring have been improved.Base circle discs and rail are important parts for double-disc involute measuring device. The generating precision is one of mainly factor, which impacts on gear tooth profile deviation measurement. In this paper, as two mainly factors of form precision, the method of precision installation of gear and disc in the shaft, as well as interaction between discs and rail have been studied: Based on VC software development tools, using data acquisition cards, according to the least square round principle to achieve roundness error data acquisition and process automatically. Based on analysis and experimental results, the method of precision installation of gear, discs and shaft was achieved, which minimized measuring error caused by eccentricity.For interaction between discs and rail, in this paper, the rolling flexibility creep phenomenon of disk on the marble-rail has been analyzed based on the finite element method, using ANSYS soft. The results are used to evaluate the instrument’s measuring uncertainty.更多还原