【作者】 陈端颖；

【导师】 陈建文；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 发展与教育心理学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 个体的生活变化可能成为影响健康、导致疾病的特殊应激。但是,外在应激源是否真正对个体的身心健康造成影响,可能又在很大程度上决定于个体自身因素,特别是人格因素的中介调节作用。我们认为,通过实证研究,在应激源与身心健康之间,人格因素是否具有中介调节作用,哪些人格因素发挥这种作用,无疑对于进一步揭示应激的心理机制具有重要的理论意义,对于有针对性开发维持心理健康的应对策略也具有重要的实践指导意义。大学新生进入大学后要面临很多的变化,如生活方式、学习习惯、社交范围以及生活环境的改变等等。短期内的巨大生活变化则可能成为影响其身心健康的应激源。本研究以应激过程理论的思想为指导,采用问卷法对湖北省和湖南省7所高校807名大学新生进行施测,收集大学新生心理应激过程数据。应用差异检验、相关分析描述了大学新生心理应激特点,并利用结构方程模型技术构建了心理应激过程模型,探讨了人格特质在大学新生心理应激过程中的作用。得出以下结论:(1)压力事件与心理健康状况之间的关系密切,压力事件越多,个体心理健康状况越差。(2)压力事件与坚韧、随和、爽直、利他、严谨、重情关系密切,但与活跃关系不密切。除随和外,人格特质六因子均与心理健康状况之间存在密切关系。(3)坚韧和爽直能够调节四种压力事件对心理健康的影响,利他和严谨在个体应激过程中不能起调节作用。活跃能够调节生活、学习和社交事件对心理健康的影响,但在发展事件应激中作用不明显。重情能够调节学习、发展事件对心理健康的影响,但对生活事件和社交事件应激中的作用不明显。(4)大学新生的心理健康状况不容乐观。心理健康状况存在性别、学校类别、家庭来源地和专业的差异。女生的心理健康状况要差于男生;重点大学学生的心理健康状况优于非重点大学学生;来自农村的学生比来自城镇的学生更容易出现强迫症状;理科学生心理健康状况最差,工科学生心理健康状况最好。(5)压力事件对不同性别和家庭来源地学生的困扰没有显著差异,但对不同学校类别和专业学生的影响存在显著差异。非重点大学学生比重点大学学生更容易受到各种压力事件的影响。各类压力事件最容易给经济类学生带来困扰,最不易影响工科学生。更多还原

【Abstract】 The change of life may become the special stress which can influence health and stir up diseases. But whether the stresses could influence physiological and mental health authentically lie on the mediated effect of individual factors, especially personality. It has important theoretic meaning to find out whether personality could mediate the stress coping process and which personality traits work. And it has practical meaning for opening out the coping strategy, which is useful for keeping mental health.After entering into the university, university freshmen have to face many changes, such as life style, habit of study, scope of sociality, habitation and so on. In the short-term, huge life change can create stress to very many people. Base on the stress process theory, the researcher used questionnaires to collect data of 807 freshmen mental health. The freshmen come from seven universities in Hubei Province and Hunan Province. Difference examination, correlation analysis and structural model method analysis had been used later. The conclusions were as follows:1. The mental health status of university freshmen did not get well, and had prominent existence in gender, the university category, the family originations and specialties.2. Freshmen who had different genders and family origination did not have notable differences in the influence of stress events. The stress influence had notable differences in the university category and specialties. The common freshmen were easier to have harassment. Economic freshmen were easiest to have harassment, the engineering freshmen were hardiest.3. Stress events and mental health condition had high correlation. The more the stress events met, the worse the mental health condition was.4. Stress event had high correlation with tenacity, accommodation, straightforward, benefit-focus, preciseness and affection-focus factors. But it had not correlation with activity factor. The factors of personality had high correlation with mental health condition, except the accommodation factor.5. Tenacity and straightforward factor had accommodating effect in the stress coding process, benefit-focus and preciseness had not. Activity factor had accommodating effect in the life, study and sociality stress coding process. Affection-focus had accommodating effect in the study and development stress coding process.更多还原