【作者】 刘云香；

【导师】 丁建定；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 社会保障， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以中美两国20世纪的人口出生趋势为分析基础,认为中美两国有着相似的人口经历,相似的人口经历使中美两国面临相似的人口老龄化形势,两国都将在本世纪前期迎来自己的人口老龄化高峰。人口老龄化高峰将使中美两国的老龄人口急剧增加,老龄化程度大大加深,养老金支出成倍增长,养老保险制度将面临前所未有的困难。美国为应对人口老龄化高峰作了不少准备工作,文中分析了美国养老的改革过程,总结了美国养老保险改革的措施和经验,并提出了对中国的启示。文章共分为四个部分:第一部分:包括问题的提出、相关文献回顾、相关概念的界定。介绍了本文的研究意义,综合分析了国内外养老改革的研究观点,说明了本文的研究思路。第二部分:以图表、数据的方式提出中美两国的20世纪的人口出生图有相似之处,两国同样经历了人口出生“低谷——高峰——低谷”,这导致中美两国在21世纪要先后面对人口老龄化高峰。2011年美国“婴儿潮一代”步入退休年龄,2022年中国“文革一代”逐渐退休,庞大的退休人口将使两国背负沉重养老的负担,养老保险制度可能难以为继,必须寻求改革。第三部分:分析了美国养老保险改革过程,认为20世纪60年代福利支出的过快增长、70年代的石油危机、80年代保守主义的抬头为美国养老保险改革提供了契机。美国各界政府抓住时机、利用本国独特的优势——强调个人责任、崇尚自由市场等进行了养老保险改革,其改革措施包括发展多支柱养老保险体系、建立社会保障信托基金、提高退休年龄、抑制提前退休、转移财政预算、加快私营化进程等。第四部分:总结了美国养老保险改革的经验教训,认为美国政府的立足长远、未雨绸缪的改革指导思想值得学习,美国发展多支柱养老保险体系、建立社会保障信托基金、抑制提前退休、转移财政盈余等改革措施值得借鉴。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on an analysis of the feature and tendency of U.S and China’s annual birth number, it had a similar population trend between China and U.S of 20 century. The similar population trend bring on the similar aging tendency, the two countries will meet their peak of population aging respectively in the not-too-distant future. The peak of population aging means the amount of elderly population will increase rapidly, elderly dependency ratio will rise unprecedentedly, the payout of retirement pension will multiple. U.S had taken many preparations to get through the aging peak, the text analyze the process of American social pension insurance revolution, the author believes that the measures proposed by U.S reformer and taken by the U.S government should be used for some references for China.The first part: Include the origin of this question, literature retrospect, the definition of concepts. Introduce the significance of the research, abstract the viewpoint of endowment insurance reform of domestic and overseas, show reason of the text.The second part: Be illustrated with diagrams and dates, the author point out that it had a similar population trend in 20 century between China and United States, the two country come through“baby bust– baby boom– baby bust”similarly. With U.S“baby boomer”and China“Culture Revolution Generation”being aging, U.S and China will expose themselves to heavily support burden, their’s social pension insurance will be difficult to sustainable and must be reform.The third part: Analyze the process of American social pension insurance revolution, the text deem excessive increase of welfare expend in the 1960s, oil crisis in the 1970s, the rise of conservatism in the 1980s provided chance to social pension insurance revolution. With a view to future, U.S governments utilize American’s unique predominance—emphasize individual duty, advocate free market, perfect competition mechanism to reform their social pension insurance. The measures include develop more brance insurance system, build the social security trust fund, receive higher social security salary tax, restraint early retirement, encourage retire lately and add the private sector of pension system. The forth part: Summarize the experiences and lessons of American social pension insurance revolution. the author points out that the guidance thoughts of American social pension insurance revolution deserve reference, which include lay their eyes for a long-term, prepare for foul in fair weather, the measures can be transplant to China ,which include develop more branch social pension insurance system, establish social security trust fund, restrain early-retirement, transfer finance surplus to pension fund and so on.更多还原