【作者】 魏伟；

【导师】 陈四海；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 光学工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 激光扫描器在现代工业各个领域有巨大需求,但是目前该领域的研究国内还不是很多,技术也不成熟,远远没有达到实际应用的需要,主要原因在于扫描角度小、频率和精度比较低。传统驱动元件普遍采用压电陶瓷PZT或者梳状电极静电驱动,这种驱动方式扫描角度很小。设计更好的驱动元件和驱动电路成为激光扫描器设计中研究的重点问题。本文采用大角度驱动元件-音圈电机,并针对音圈电机的特性,设计了基于现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)的激光扫描器驱动电路。开展的主要工作和取得的成果有:(1)分析了激光扫描器的工作原理和性能指标,包括扫描角度、频率和精度,提出了整个电路的几种实现方案。根据现有条件和基础选用了基于FPGA处理器的设计方案,并对电路的具体实现做了详细的分析论证和相关仿真,从原理上扫清了设计的障碍。(2)设计了激光扫描器的驱动电路,该驱动电路包括FPGA主控电路、DAC转换及电流信号处理电路和功率驱动电路。最后对该驱动电路的驱动性能做了测试,结果显示能够满足大角度扫描的需要。(3)分析PID运动控制算法的基本原理,设计了一种改进型的数字PID控制算法,该算法是基于FPGA数字技术,用Verilog HDL硬件描述语言实现。搭建了软硬件仿真平台,对PID控制算法做了实时仿真和结果分析,能够进行PID运动控制。(4)本设计中,硬件电路的设计充分考虑了系统的灵活性和可移植性。对整个电路的抗干扰性能做了评估,在原理图和PCB板的设计上都做了相应处理,系统的抗干扰性能有很大提高,在比较恶劣的环境中能稳定运行。更多还原

【Abstract】 Laser scanner will be applied extensively in the military and civil field and has huge market potential and application prospect. At present, Laser scanner can’t be really applied in production because of small scanning angle, low scanning frequency and precision. The traditional laser scanner has been driven by PZT (Pb (Zr0.52Ti0.48) O3)) or comb-shaped electrodes. The key issue of the laser scanner design is choosing good driver and designing robust drive circuit.The voice coil actuator (VCA) as driver has the advantages of big scanning angle, high scanning frequency and so on. In this paper, the author has analyzed the principle of the VCA and designed the driving circuit base on FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array). The main contents are as follows:Firstly, the theory and structure of the laser scanner are researched. Some performance parameters are also theoretically analyzed, such as scanning angle, scanning frequency and so on. Based on the above analysis, the author has designed some circuit programs, then he has made very detailed analysis and related electronically simulation, after that the obstacles of the design is cleared away.Secondly, the drive circuit of the laser scanner is designed in this paper. The drive circuit includes FPGA main control circuit, DAC (Digital to Analog Convertor) transform and current signal processing circuit and power drive circuit. Finally, in this part the performance of the drive circuit is tested. The results show that the drive circuit can fulfill the large-angle scanning.Thirdly, the author analyzed the principle of PID (Proportion, Integral, and Differential) control arithmetic, and designed a promoted digital PID control arithmetic. This arithmetic is based on FPGA technique, and it can be realized by Verilog HDL which is a general hardware describe language. By simulation, Link for Modelsim of Matlab Simulink is used.It breaks the barrier between hardware and software,and also accelerates the function verification.The result of the simulation proves that the design is correct.Finally, in this paper, the author fully consider both flexibility and transplant of the hardware circuits, evaluated the anti-jamming performance of the whole circuit, and did some special disposals on the circuit chart and PCB board. The anti-jamming performance of the system has been promoted intensely so that it could work well and keep stable in bad environment.更多还原