【作者】 杨铭；

【导师】 仵均祥； 杨桦；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 种植， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 稻水象甲是水稻生产中一种毁灭性的害虫,也是一种重要的植物检疫害虫。自2003年以来,在陕西省水稻主产区——汉中市部分县区发现稻水象甲危害,且发生程度不断加重并呈扩大蔓延趋势。为了有效地遏制这一势头,本文对稻水象甲的生物学特性、发生规律及控制技术进行初步调查研究和示范推广,取得的主要结果如下:1.明确了稻水象甲在汉中市水稻产区的分布状况。目前,汉中市稻水象甲疫情发生范围包括留坝、勉县、城固、西乡、镇巴、宁强、洋县、南郑、略阳和汉台共10县区80个乡(镇)719个村4486个组。发生面积19.8841万亩,其中秧田发生面积1.8061万亩,大田发生面积18.0780万亩。2.初步掌握了稻水象甲在汉中稻区的生物学特性。田间定点观察表明,稻水象甲在汉中地区一年发生1代,以成虫越冬。越冬代成虫群体迁移高峰在4月下旬(秧田揭膜后)和5月下旬至6月上、中旬(大田插秧后),终见期在6月底。越冬成虫于5月上、中旬在秧田始见产卵,5月下旬至6月底在秧苗上大量产卵。6月上、中旬为幼虫始见期,6月中、下旬至7月上旬为幼虫发生高峰期。8月中、下旬为幼虫末期。6月下旬至7月上旬为蛹始见期,7月上、中旬为蛹发生盛期,蛹末期为9月上、中旬。当年新羽化成虫最早出现于7月上旬,7月下旬至8月上旬为羽化盛期。成虫早晚取食、活动,畏强光。3.明确了稻水象甲的田间分布特点。稻水象甲成虫在稻田呈点片分布,聚集危害。在稻株上主要分布在水稻中、下层。在不同田块之间,离河流、山坡越近,发生程度越重。越冬场所调查结果表明,越冬成虫主要分布在沟渠边0-5厘米的土壤中;初秋由田埂向沟渠逐渐转移进入越冬。4.田间药效试验结果表明,3%乐斯本颗粒剂1公斤/亩、10%甲拌·辛1公斤/亩撒毒土和5%锐劲特80毫升/亩喷雾对幼虫防效较好。5%锐劲特60毫升/亩、36.8%水胺·马(维稻)乳油60毫升/亩和20%辛·三唑乳油75毫升/亩喷雾对成虫有较好的防治效果,生产上可大面积推广使用。5.在稻水象甲为害严重的汉中市勉县建立示范推广基地,3年累计进行防治示范2.5万亩,示范区内危害率控制在8%以下,比对照区下降78%,增产12.85%,取得了明显的经济、社会和生态效益。更多还原

【Abstract】 Rice water weevil Lissorhortrus oryzophilus Kusche is one of the disastrous pests in rice production as well as a key object of plant quarantine.The rice water weevil were found occasionally in several counties in Hanzhong City,a main rice production area in southern part of Shaanxi Province,in recent years.Biology and bionomics of the rice water weevil as well as its effective control methods were systematically investigated and studied in order to provide scientific and practical support in this paper.1.From 2006 to 2007,with the assistance of the staff from local Plant Protection Department in Hanzhong City,we did systematically investigation on rice water weevil,and finally fully comprehended its distribution in Hanzhong.The epidemic regions covered 10 counties,80 towns,719 villages and 4486 brigades,including Liuba,Mianxian,Chenggu, Xixiang,Zhenba,Ningqiang,Yangxian,Nanzheng,Lueyang and Hantai.This pest took place at both seedling bed and transplant field,the total infested area amounted to 18 061 mu and 180 780mu respectively.2.Through observation in the field,the biological behavior and regularity of outbreak of rice water weevile in Hanzhong rice production region were preliminarily understood.The pest took place from March to September,and its group migration reached the peak in the last ten-day of April,and from the end of May to the middle of June respectively.After migrated to rice field from seedling bed,the pest continued to exert damage to plants.The female adults started to oviposit in seedling fields during the first 20 days of May,entering ovipostion climax in late June and lasting to early July.The larvae began to hatch in early June.From mid-June to early July,the larvae reached the peak,and decreased greatly from mid August to late August.From late June to early July,fully grown larvae began to pupate,reaching climax in early and mid July. The number of pupae would reduce largely during the first twenty days of September.The F1 adults appeared in early July.From late June to early August,rice water weevil reachd its eclosion summit.According to these results,the favorable periods for the pest management should not be missed in order to prevent outbreak of rice water weevil.3.Investigation on the rest time and niche on rice seedlings,field distribution pattern and overwintering site of rice water weevil were carried out.It is found the distribution pattern of rice water weevil showing a combination of individually surviving and taking place in patches, and they always infested assembly.The pest mainly fed on the middle and lower parts of rice stalk,usually taking place in the morning and evening,showing photophobia to some extend. Generally,the nearer the rice fields to the river,the more serious the damage would be caused by rice water weevil.It is also found that the rice water weevil overwintered mainly close to banks of water ways.The pest overwintered underground at epidermal layer 0-5 cm,and could transfer from ridges to ditchs in early autumn,and finish transfering in November.4.Due to an extreme diversity of pesticides for control on rice water weevil in the market, especially because of their various effects,among them several kinds pesticides,which were used most commonly on rice water weevil management in recent years,were chose for field experiments.The results showed that the following agro-chemicals had relatively high effect to control rice water weevil,3%Andean music benzene granules 1kg/mu,10%Phorate phoxim 1 kg/mu.5%of Regent(80ml/mu spraying) has good effect on the larvae.The following reagents are effective on the adult,5%of Regent 60ml/mu,36.8%of water-amine(Victoria Rice) EC Weidao 60 ml/mu and 20 percent digoxin·triazolam EC Phoxim triazophos 75ml/ mu.Thus we could come to the conclusion that these reagents can be recommended and promoted to control rice water weevil.5.In Mianxian county,Hanzhong City,introducing and popularizing base was established in the area,where the loss caused by rice water weevil was very serious,and the base area extended to about 25 000 mu during a 3-year period.In demonstration base,the loss rates caused by diseases and pests were below 8%,and 78%less than in control area.Additionally, the average yields increased by 12.85%.These results applied that the demonstration base had made significant economic,social and ecological benefits.更多还原