【作者】 王建伟；

【导师】 杨培华；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 林业， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 油松（Pinus tabulaeformis）是我国北方地区的主要用材树种,生长快、分布广、耐早耐瘠薄、适应性强,在林业生产中有着十分重要的地位。根据优树子代树高、胸径等性状的调查资料,通过现代育种学原理与数量遗传分析相结合,进行子代测定及遗传参数估算,为高世代遗传育种提供理论依据,同时提出高世代改良的策略。本论文对桥山双龙1987年营造的三批112个油松优树半同胞子代测定林家系生长性状和形质性状进行分析,以及性状问的遗传相关、表型相关进行了研究,采用多性状育种值评选法、综合指数法选出了16个优良家系。主要研究结果如下:1.油松优树半同胞家系树高等性状在家系间存在极显著差异,表明油松优树半同胞家系间存在较为丰富的变异,有着巨大的选择潜力。一方面说明了从参试的油松优树子代中进一步选择,可望选出生产力高的优良家系;另一方面说明了根据表型选择得到的优树后代仍分化明显,表型优良并不意味着基因型优良,必须经过遗传测定,选出基因型优良的家系,才能获得更大的效益。2.胸径、树高和材积等生长性状间的表型和遗传相关均达极显著水平,遗传相关系数达到0.94以上,生长性状与冠幅、结实和适应性间的遗传相关系数均达显著或极显著水平,性状间的表型相关,除适应性与结实不显著外,其余表型相关均达显著或极显著水平。3.生长性状、冠幅和适应性的遗传力比较稳定,其变动范围在0.48-0.69之间,表明油松生长性状受中度或中度以上的遗传控制,具有很强的家系选择潜力。结实性状的遗传力变化幅度较大,在0.22-0.51之间,说明结实性状受环境影响较大。4.育种值评分法是一种较为简单、效果相对较好的方法。利用多性状育种值评选法选出23个优良家系,树高、胸径、材积分别比对照大18.29%、40.49%和74.64%,遗传增益分别为6.69%、14.04%和33.23%。5.综合指数选择是开展生长、形质多性状优良家系联合选择的理想方法。以胸径、树高、材积、冠幅、结实和适应性6个性状构建的等权重无约束选择指数方程,并利用这些性状建立的综合指数方程,第二批材料构建的指数方程的遗传进展、指数遗传力、指数准确度和指数效率均最大,方程最好,指数方程为I₂=0.5703X₁+0.3269X₂+35.9283X₃-0.3001X₄+0.6847X₅+0.1712X₆,通过综合指数法评选出23个生长和形质比较优良的家系。两种方法共同选出优良家系16个,试验1为20、38、37、46和18号家系;试验2为54、2、3、40、11和16号家系:试验3为2、51、63、52和55号家系,为真正优良的家系。6.在优良家系选择的基础上,进行优良家系内优良单株配合选择,共选择优良单株70个,树高、材积分别比对照大37.4%和117.6%,可作为高世代种子园的建园材料。7.提出油松多世代遗传改良方案,达到油松高世代遗传改良的三个目标:一是获得最大的短期和长期遗传增益;二是获得广泛的遗传基础;三是进行抗逆性、结实性等其它方面的改良。更多还原

【Abstract】 Pinus tabulaeformis is a main timber species in northern China,fast growth,widely distributed,barren drought-resistant and adaptable;it has a very important position in the forestry production.According to the survey data of offspring’s height、breast diameter-height and other traits.Through modern breeding Principles and quantitative genetic analysis to do progeny test and genetic parameter estimation;provide theoretical Basis to genetic breeding,at the same time improve the strategy of advanced generation.We analysis the growth and quality characters of 112 Pinus tabulaeformis superior trees of half-sib progeny test forest of Qiaoshan and Shuanglong seed orchard which were built in 1987,use Multi-trait selection breeding choose method and Comprehensive Index Method,we choose 16 superior families.1.Pinus tabulaeformis superior trees have a significant difference between families,it showed that Pinus tabulaeformis has a wide range of variation between half-sib families and has great potential to choose.On the one hand,do a further option in the testing offspring of Pinus tabulaeformis is expected to elect a high productivity family;on the other hand,the type differentiation of trees for future generations choose is still obviously,it shows that a fine phenotype does not mean a fine Genotype,it must through a genetic determination to elect a good genotype family in order to obtain greater efficiency.2.The breast diameter-height、height、volume growth and other traits between the phenotype and genetic-related reached a significant level,genetic correlation coefficient above 0.94.The genetic correlation coefficient growth traits reached a significant or very significant level of growth characters、crown width and adaptability.The phenotype related characters without the adaptability and fecundity are significant or very significant.3.Genetic analysis shows that the heritability of the growth traits,crown width and adaptability were stable;the changing range is 0.48-0.69,shows that the growth of Pinus tabulaeformis is influenced by moderate or severe general control and has a strong families potential choice.Fecundity has a bigger change range,between 0.22-0.51;it shows that the fecundity is mainly affected by environmental factors. 4.Breeding values score method is a simple and better method.Use this method we elected 23 superior families.The height、breast diameter-height、volume growth are 18.29%、40.49%and 74.64%bigger than the control,the genetic gain are 6.69%,14.04%and 33.23%.5.The comprehensive index select is a good method to choose the superior families of better growth and qualities.Established a equal weight-unconstrained comprehensive index equation with 6 traits such as breast diameter-height、height、volume growth、fecundity and adaptability,and take advantage of the comprehensive index equation,the index equation built by the second batch of materials is I₂=0.5703X₁+0.3269X₂+35.9283X₃-0.3001X₄+0.6847X₅+0.1712X₆,which genetic progress、index heritabilty、index accuracy and index efficiency are biggest and best.We choose 23 superior families in growth and qualities.Two methods elect 16 best families.number 20、38、37、46 and 18 of test 1;number 54、2、3、40、11 and 16 of test 2;number 2、51、61、52 and 55 of test 3 were real good family.6.Based on the chosen of superior families,we choose the superior plant in these families and selected 70 superior plants.The height and volume growth are 37.4%and 117.6% bigger than the control,can be used as a high seed orchard production material in seeding Park.7.Proposed multi-generation genetic improvement program of Pinus tabulaeformis and reach three objectives:first of all,obtain maximize short-term and long-term genetic gain. Secondly,obtain a wide range of genetic basis;thirdly,it could flexible improve the stress resistance and fecundity or other traits.更多还原