【作者】 王建；

【导师】 高玉鹏；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 养殖， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 乌骨鸡是我国特有的具有保健功能的药用鸡种。研究比较不同品种乌骨鸡在新疆地区的生产性能和杂交利用效果,对满足本地区市场需求,提高养殖效益,具有重要的现实意义。本项目选择中国黑凤鸡、黑羽乌骨鸡、黑羽绿壳蛋鸡和盐津乌骨鸡等四个乌鸡品种,测定了不同品种乌骨鸡纯繁及杂交的种蛋孵化性能;不同品种乌骨鸡及其杂交F₁代的生长发育性能和屠宰性能;鸡黑色素基因MC1R多态性与其肤色、胫色表型相关性的测定和分析;花粉和大麦芽对黑羽乌骨鸡生产性能的影响。四个黑色羽乌骨鸡纯繁种蛋受精率在90-94%,孵化率达到84.44-87.23%,盐津乌骨鸡初生重（39.20±2.88g）最重,中国黑凤鸡初生重（23.07±1.72g）最轻。四个品种黑色羽乌骨鸡0-14周龄生长发育以盐津乌骨鸡增重性能最好,14周龄公母鸡体重分别达到1687.41±156.22g和1236.51±130.99g。杂交组合分别为中国黑凤鸡与贵妃鸡杂交、黑羽绿壳蛋鸡做母本与黑羽乌骨鸡和隐性白羽肉鸡杂交、盐津乌骨鸡与黑羽乌骨鸡正反交、盐津乌骨鸡与隐性白羽肉鸡正反交。杂交种蛋受精率在90.00-93.33%,孵化率达到80.00-85.71%,隐性白羽肉鸡（♂）×黑羽绿壳蛋鸡（♀）组合初生重（37.34±3.39g）最重,中国黑凤鸡（♂）×贵妃鸡（♀）组合初生重（26.80±3.85g）最轻。杂交乌骨鸡0-14周龄生长发育以盐津乌骨鸡（♂）×隐性白羽肉鸡（♀）组合增重性能最好,14周龄F1代公母鸡体重分别达到2271.00±198.74g和1635.33±111.56g。根据七个杂交组合的简单综合选择指数和杂交F1代肉用性能指标杂种优势比的综合比较,中国黑凤鸡（♂）×贵妃鸡（♀）组合和盐津乌骨鸡（♂）×隐性白羽肉鸡（♀）组合为两个最佳杂交组合。在引进的隐性白羽肉鸡和黑羽乌骨鸡的资源家系及由该亲本建立的资源家系群体中,对黑色素基因（MC1R）进行PCR-SSCP,分析肤色和胫色性状与基因型的相关性,结果表明:AA、BB和AB基因型的分布在不同肤色性状中差异显著（P<0.05）;CC和CE基因型的分布在不同活体胫色性状中差异显著（P<0.05）。初步推测黑色素的沉积与MC1R基因的突变有关。日粮添加花粉对黑羽乌骨鸡0-9周龄生长发育影响试验表明,添加2%花粉组增重效果最好。日粮添加大麦芽76g,可以有效地提高黑羽乌骨鸡的产蛋性能。更多还原

【Abstract】 The black-boned chicken with healthy and medicinal chicken is unique species to our country.Research production performance On different species of black-boned chicken and compare cross effect of different hybrid combinations in the Xinjiang area in order to full used black-bone chicken resources,satisfied the market demand and raise cultivation benefit that has the vital practical significance.The black-bone chicken are Black Silky Chicken,Black-Boned Chicken with Black Feather,Green Shell Layer with Black Feather and Yanjin Black-Boned Chicken during the projects.The hatching performance of breeding egg has been determined on purebred reproduction and hybrid reproduction of the black-bone chicken.The growth and development performance and the slaughter performance had been determined on purebred and hybrid F₁ generation of the black-bone chicken.The Relationship between the polymorphism of MC1R gene and the phenotype of skin color and shank color in chicken were determined and analysised.Pollen and barley bud influence on performance trait of the black-boned chicken with black feather.The black-boned chicken purebred reproduction hatching egg rate of fertilization is 90-94%,the hatchability rate achieves 84.44-87.23%,Yanjin black-boned chicken birth weight（39.20±2.88g） is the heaviest,Black Silky Chicken birth weight（23.07±1.72g） is the lightest.In 0-14 week age growth and development performance of four black-boned chicken variety,body weight gained ability of Yanjin black-boned chicken is the best which 14 week-age body-weigh achieves 1687.41±156.22g（（?））and 1236.51±130.99g（♀）.Hybrid combinations respectively are Black silky chicken（（?））×Guifei chicken（♀）, Black-boned chicken with black feather（（?））×Green shell layer with black feather（♀）, Recessive white feather broiler（（?））×Green shell layer with black feather（♀）,Pro and con hybrid of Yanjin black-boned chicken and Black-boned chicken with black feather,Pro and con hybrid of Yanjin black-boned chicken and Recessive white feather broiler.The hybrid breeding egg rate of fertilization is 90.00-93.33%,the hatching rate achieves 80.00-85.71%, Recessive white feather broiler（（?））×Green shell layer with Black feather（♀） F₁ birth weight （37.34±3.39g） is the heaviest,Black silky chicken（（?））×Guifei chicken（♀） F₁ birth weight （26.80±3.85g） is the lightest.The hybrid black-boned chicken 0-14 week age growth gained ability by Yanjin black-boned chicken（（?））×Recessive white feather broiler（♀） F₁ is the best, 14-week-age body-weight on F1 generation between male and female respectively achieves 2271.00±198.74g and 1635.33±111.56g.We contrasted seven cross combination’s simple combined selection index and economic character heterosis ratio of hybridizes F1 generation, the result indicated the best hybrid combinations were Black silky chicken（（?））×Guifei chicken（♀） and Yanjin black-boned chicken（（?））×Recessive white feather broiler（♀）.The MC1R of recessive white feather broiler and black-boned chicken with black feather in their resource family and resource population was test to the relevance of their character and the detected genotype by the method of PCR-SSCP,and the Chi-square independence test of the detected genotype and their character of skin color and shank color were conducted in this paper.Results showed that:there were significant differences（P<0.05） among the distributions of AA、BB and AB genotype in the different skin color;there were significant differences（P<0.05） between the distributions of CC and CE genotype in the different skin color of living body.The test of adding pollen in ration which influences 0-9 week-age black-boned chicken with black feather’s growth and developmental indicated that ration add 2%pollen is the best. The black-bone chicken with black feather’s egg laying performance may be effectively enhance when ration add 76g/d barley bud.更多还原