【作者】 黄彩霞；

【导师】 施坰林；

【作者基本信息】 甘肃农业大学 ， 农业水土工程， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 于2007年3月⁹月在甘肃省益民灌溉试验站研究了沟灌条件下加工型马铃薯的生长动态、生理指标及产量效应,试验在不同生育期不同灌水量的条件下共设六个处理,分别为T1(450 m³·hm^-2)、T2(750 m³·hm^-2)、T3(1050 m³·hm^-2)、T4(1350 m³·hm^-2)、T5(1650 m³·hm^-2)、T6(1950 m³·hm^-2)。试验结果表明:1.在整个生育期中,受灌水量差异的影响,从幼苗期到块茎形成期10⁴0 cm土壤含水量差异最大,块茎增大期和淀粉积累期40⁶0 cm土壤含水量差异最大。灌水最少的T1在全生育期各层土壤含水量均最低,而灌水量最大的T6各层土壤含水量均最高。产量最高的T5各生育时期的土壤含水量相对较稳定。2.加工型马铃薯日耗水强度在整个生育期总体表现为先增后减的趋势。块茎形成期的日平均耗水量达到最高,为3.23 mm·d-1,淀粉积累期日耗水强度下降到1.71 mm·d-1。3.灌水量对水分利用效率（WUE）和灌溉水利用效率（IWUE）影响显著。适量减少灌水量可以提高WUE和IWUE。4.处理间加工型马铃薯的株高、LAI、单株干物质量、干物质积累速率、根冠比、单株结薯数、单株薯重、Pn、Tr和Sr等农艺指标和生态生理指标均存在显著或极显著差异。T5具有最高的LAI、单株干物质量、单株结薯数、单株薯重,同时,块茎形成期和块茎增大期Pn、Tr在12:00之前均最高。5.不同灌水处理下,各层土壤温度总体表现为上层大于下层,并且具有明显的日变化特征,0¹0 cm日变化幅度较大,20²5 cm变化趋势平缓。处理间存在时段性差异。6.加工型马铃薯水分生产函数以Jensen模型拟合,其敏感指数变化规律表现为前期较小,中期增大,后期又减小。幼苗期、块茎形成期、块茎增大期、淀粉积累期的水分敏感指数分别为0.1555、0.3943、0.2173、0.1018。7.不同灌水处理下,加工型马铃薯产量随灌水量的增加而增加,但增加的幅度逐渐减小。方差分析表明,灌溉定额从1050 m³·hm^-2增加到1650 m³·hm^-2时,产量增加显著,而当灌水量超过1650m³·hm^-2,产量随灌水量增加已不再增加。决定加工型马铃薯群体块茎产量的主要产量结构因素是单株结薯数（R=0.89**）和单株薯重（R=0.84*）。8.经过对现有六种灌水方案的比较,处理T5(1650 m³·hm^-2)的产量最高,应为推荐的灌溉制度,但是分析的经济灌溉定额为1450 m³·hm^-2。建议生产上采用的灌溉定额为1500 m³·hm^-2,全生育期分三次灌水,第一水450 m³·hm^-2,灌水时间为幼苗期（5月10日左右）;第二水550 m³·hm^-2,灌水时间为块茎形成期（6月25日左右）;第三水500 m³·hm^-2,时间为块茎增大期的（7月20日左右）;最高产量为27200 kg·hm^-2。更多还原

【Abstract】 Effects of irrigation on growing dymanics, physiological index and yield of processing potato were studied in Station of Yimin Irrigation Experiment of Gansu Province during March to October in 2007. There were six irrigation treatments at different growth stages: T1 (450m³·hm^-2)、T2 (750m³·hm^-2)、T3 (1050m³·hm^-2)、T4 (1350m³·hm^-2)、T5 (1650m³·hm^-2) and T6 (1950m³·hm^-2). Results showed that:1. During the whole growing period, The differences between treatments in soil moisture in 10⁴0cm were the largest at seedling period and tuber initiation period. And that were 40⁶0cm at tuber bulking period and starch accumulation period. Soil moisture with the lowest irrigation treatment （T1） was the minimum during the whole growth period, whereas T6 was the highest. Soil moisture in T5 which had the highest yield kept relatively stable.2. The overall trend of daily water consumption increased first and then decreased in whole periods. The daily water consumption was highest （3.23 mm·d-1） at tuber initiation period, but lowest （1.71 mm·d-1） at the starch accumulation period.3. Irrigation norm had significant effects on water use efficiency （WUE） and irrigation water use efficiency （IWUE）. WUE did not increase as water consumption increased, but IWUE decreased.4. There were significant difference among plant height, leaf area index（LAI）, dry matter accumulation, the root-shoot ratio, number of tubers per plant, tuber weight per plant, （photosynthetic rate）Pn, （transpiration rate）Tr and （stomatic resistance）Sr. T5 had the highest LAI, dry matter accumulation, number of tubers per plant, tuber weight per plant, Pn and Tr were the highest before 12:00 at tuber initiation period and tuber bulking period.5. The overall trend of soil temperature showed the upper soil was higher than lower. The range of 0¹0 cm was higher than 20²5 cm. There was significant difference among treatments at certain time.6. Water production of processing potato can be fitted with Jensen Model. The sensitive index （λ） was relatively small at early growth period, increased at middle growth period and decreased in later growth period.λreached its maximum at tuber initiation period （0.3943） and lowest at starch accumulation period （0.1018）. 7. Results showed that yield increased significantly as irrigation quota increased from 1050 to 1650 m³·hm^-2. However, there was no more yield advantage when irrigation quota exceeded 1650m³·hm^-2. There was significance correlation between tuber yield and the number of tubers per plant （R=0.89**）and tuber weight per plant （R=0.84*）.8. Among six irrigation scheme, T5 (1650 m³·hm^-2) had the highest yield, which was regarded as the optimum irrigation norm, but economic irrigation quota by analysis was 1450 m³·hm^-2. So it was suggested that irrigation norm was 1500 m³·hm^-2. It can be split into three irrigation, the first time at the seedling stage (around May 10th, 450 m³·hm^-2); the second at the tuber initiation phase (around June 25th, 550 m³·hm^-2); and the third at tuber bulking stage (around July 20th, 500 m³·hm^-2). The maximum yield was 27200 kg·hm^-2.更多还原