【作者】 邹林有；

【导师】 陈垣；

【作者基本信息】 甘肃农业大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 通过对苦豆子(Sophora alopecuroides L.)生长发育动态和氮肥因素对苦豆子性状指标、产量及其有效成分影响的研究,探寻苦豆子生长发育特性和最佳施氮水平,为苦豆子高产、高效和优质栽培提供理论依据。主要研究结果如下:1.苦豆子根、茎叶的生长发育以及生物总碱积累动态可划分为生育前期和生育后期两个阶段。植株移栽后120d(8月15日)～140d(9月7日)之前为生育前期,苦豆子根和茎叶的生长量都表现为迅速生长;之后为生育后期,根系开始缓慢生长,而茎叶在经过一段增长后开始下降。苦豆子茎和叶中的生物总碱含量变化前后期基本与茎叶的生长发育保持一致;根中生物总碱在生育前期略有下降,生育后期开始逐渐增长。2.适当施用氮肥可显著提高苦豆子产量。苦豆子对氮的需求并不大,较低水平的氮肥可以满足其生长发育的需要。氮素施用量为115kg/hm2时,苦豆子全株产量最高,总产量在第二年达到4817.8kg/hm2,第三年达到6126.7kg/hm2。3.适当施用氮肥有利于改善苦豆子株型结构。在苦豆子生长的第二年,适当施用氮肥苦豆子根长和株高显著增加;第三年,适当的施肥促进根粗的显著增加和株高的极显著增加。其中以氮素施用量115kg/hm2的效果最显著,这一施氮条件构成良好株型,根系发达,贮备的抗逆的良好基础和防风固沙能力。4.不同的施氮量对生长二年的苦豆子不同部位生物总碱有显著影响,但对生长三年的苦豆子影响效果不显著。5.不同的施氮量对苦豆子叶和茎中苦参碱有显著影响,但对根中苦参碱影响效果不显著;不同的施氮量对苦豆子各个部位氧化苦参碱均有显著影响,其中氮素施用量345kg/hm2为最佳处理,叶、茎和根均达到显著水平。更多还原

【Abstract】 The growth dynamics and effects of nitrogen on the character indices, yield and effective components of Sophora alopecuroides L. were studied to explore the growth characteristics and the best nitrogen fertilize level, and to provide a theoretical basis for the high-yield, high-efficiency and high-quality cultivation of Sophora alopecuroides L..The main results are as follows:1. The root, stem and leaf growth and dynamics of accumulated total alkaloid can divide into two stages. According to the period that after transplanted 120d(Aug. 15) to 140d(Sept. 7), the time before the period is growth prophase, and the time behind is growth anaphase. In growth prophase, the root, stem and leaf were shown rapid growth; while in growth anaphase, the speed of root growth began to slow down, and the stem and leaf growth began to decline after a short time increase. The changes of alkaloid content in stem and leaf kept consistent with the stem and leaf growth. The alkaloid content in root had a little decrease in growth prophase, and then began to increase.2. With proper rate of nitrogen fertilizer application, the yield of Sophora alopecuroides L.was significantly increased. The plant demanding for nitrogen was not much more , a lower level of nitrogen can meet its growth needs. When fertilized nitrogen as 115kg/hm2, the total yield was the highest, it can reach 4817.8kg/hm2 in the second year and 6126.7kg/hm2 in the third year.3. Proper nitrogen application was conducive to improve the plant shape construction. In the second year, an appropriate nitrogen fertilizer can contribute to the increased plant height and root length significantly. In the third year, an appropriate nitrogen fertilizer application significantly increased the root thick and the plant height. Above all, it reached the best when the nitrogen level was 115kg/hm2, under this nitrogen level condition the plant could set up better shape construction and strong roots which provide a basis for stress resistance capability to protect winds and fix sands.4. Different nitrogen level had a significant effect on alkaloid content in different part of two-year Sophora alopecuroides L., but it was not significant for the three-year .5. Different nitrogen level had a significant effect on matrine in stem and leaf, but it was not significant in root. it had a significant effect on oxymatrine in different part of Sophora alopecuroides L., too. The nitrogen level of 345kg/hm2 was the best treatment, the oxymatrine content in root, stem and leaf all reached the significant effect under this nitrogen level.更多还原