【作者】 李冰；

【导师】 胡坤伦；

【作者基本信息】 安徽理工大学 ， 应用化学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 本文系统地总结出乳化炸药稳定性的基本理论,提出了提高乳化炸药稳定的基本途径。参照某炸药生产线炸药的基本组成和生产工艺,采用不同的乳化剂、复合乳化剂、复合油相进行试验,通过实验优选了两种复合乳化剂,同时改良了乳化炸药的基本配方组成和配比。对工艺条件实验研究中,分析了如搅拌速度、剪切强度、乳化温度、乳化时间等工艺条件对乳化炸药稳定性的影响,最后确定了本次实验的工艺条件和流程。本次实验还分析了目前国内的乳化炸药的不同敏化方法,最终确定选用是化学发泡法。并选取了五个不同的温度段对乳化基质进行化学敏化。在表征方法方面,通过对试样乳化炸药的显微观测和粒径分布规律的测试,可以根据测试结果判断不同组成乳化炸药稳定性差异,从微观结构和粒度分布来判定乳化炸药的稳定性。通过对乳化炸药的高低温、硝酸铵析出量以及电导率的测试,来判定乳化炸药的环境储存稳定性,把滴定法,爆速测试法,电导率法同高低温循环法结合在一起,更好的衡量了乳化炸药的稳定性和爆炸性能,通过对样品的测试,更进一步认证了显微观察和粒径分析测试的结果。通过对乳化炸药水下抗冲击能力的测试,对不同品种乳化炸药受冲击荷载前后爆轰性能的变化,来比较和判定各个试样乳化炸药的稳定性。经过数据的处理和计算,结果证明6号和9号样品的稳定性效果优于其它的试样。最后通过对同一组成和敏化工艺条件不同的乳化炸药进行稳定性和爆炸性能考察,得出敏化温度在65℃左右敏化的乳化炸药,无论是爆炸性能还是稳定性都优于其它温度敏化的乳化炸药,同时证明了本次实验优选出来的复合乳化剂品种,在制药中不但能降低生产成本,而且使乳化炸药具有良好的储存稳定性和爆炸性能。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper summarizes the stability of the emulsion Explosives basic theory, and put forward the way how to improve the basic stability of emulsion Explosives. and refers to a basic component of emulsion Explosives and the production process in one production line of the emulsion Explosives, using different emulsifier, compounded emulsifier, the compounded oil in the Experiment. At last, we get the two excellent compounded emulsifiers, and also improve the basic component and the basic formula ratio of the emulsion Explosives.The experimental study on the technical conditions, such as the mixing of speed, shear strength, emulsifying temperature, time of emulsifying, which Influence the stability of emulsion Explosives, and finally we decide that the Experiment of the conditions and processes.The experiment also analyze the different current sensitized Methods of emulsion Explosives, and at the final, we select the method of chemical. And also select the five different temperature for the chemical sensitization of the emulsion Explosives .In the token methods,through the microscopic observation of emulsion Explosives and particle size distribution of the Test, the Test results of the samples can be judged the Stability according to the different components of emulsion Explosives, these are the Methods of judging the Stability of the emulsion Explosives from the micro-structure and the particle size distribution.Emulsion Explosives through the high low temperature cycle Experiment, the separation of ammonium nitrate and conductivity Tests,can also be determined the environmental storage stability. the titration Test, detonation velocity and conductivity Tests combined with the high low temperature cycle Experiment can measure the stability of the emulsion Explosives and Explosive properties of the samples better .and these certificated the Test results of the microscopic observation and the particle size distribution.Through the ability of emulsion Explosives underwater shock Tests and the change detonation of the different varieties emulsion Explosive by the impact load, we can determine all the stability of the emulsion Explosives samples. The data and calculation results show that the stability of the 6th and the 9th samples are better than other samples.Finally, through Testing the samples of the same composition and the different sensitivity conditions on the stability and the properties of the emulsion Explosives, we get that the sensitivity temperature at 65℃sensitized emulsion Explosive, whether it is the explosion or performance are superior to other samples, and also prove that the optimization of the Experimental varieties from the compound emulsifier, in the pharmaceutical not only to reduce the cost of production, but also has good storage stability and Explosive properties.更多还原