【作者】 王霆；

【导师】 石岩；

【作者基本信息】 山西大学 ， 体育人文社会学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 直立姿势虽然是人类有别于其它动物的一个显著标志,但人类直立以后,由于-地心引力的作用,造成了很多弊病。因此有人提出可以用倒立(呈-90°的头低位倾斜)运动来进行健身。本研究以24名在役射击射箭运动员为测试对象,引入航空航天领域中失重或模拟失重状态下人体出现的各种变化的研究理论与方法,来探讨竞技体育射击射箭项目中运动员中枢机能康复问题。本研究采用文献研究、实验法、口头报告、问卷调查、数理统计等方法得到以下结果:头低位倾斜训练可以明显改善运动员的大脑中枢机能与大脑高级功能状态:1.头低位倾斜训练中,-60°、-90°倾斜训练中之间的脑电指标变化幅度十分显著。在这两种角度的头低位倾斜训练中,P3、P4、O1、O2部位α频段功率值下降十分显著,这表明由于倾斜角度的改变以及时间的延长,运动员大脑血流速度减缓,进而影响运动员顶枕区脑功能,而由于对于体位变化的所导致的不适应,运动员会产生紧张与恐惧的感觉,导致脑波频率加快,F3、F4、T3、T4区域的β频段功率值显著升高。同时高清醒度、低活力系数、颞同步化、额优势化、安静度、综合指标、脑电相干函数下降也都非常显著。在头低位训练结束后,运动员脑电各指标与训练前坐姿安静状态下有明显提高,尤其是高清醒度、颞同步化、额优势化以及脑电相干函数P3-P4四个指标的差异显著。这表明运动员大脑功能得到了很好的恢复,同时本研究还发现头低位倾斜的角度越大,脑电各指标在坐姿恢复状态下变化的幅度越大。2.经过8周-90°头低位倾斜训练后,发现运动员的SAS得分、PSQI得分、SCL-90总分及各因子分减低,表明-90°头低位倾斜训练可以通过改变大脑血流改变影响中枢神经功能,从而有效改善睡眠、减轻焦虑、缓解不适症状和不良情绪,而且随着训练时间的延长,这种良性效应更为明显。头低位倾斜训练后,大脑的功能活动改善,植物神经系统功能得到了好地调节。这也有利于运动员摆脱负性情绪,处理各种训练问题和应付比赛压力的能力明显增强,转而促进生理健康,最终形成一个良性循环,使中枢神经系统、植物神经系统、各内脏系统和心理活动都处于一种良好的状态。更多还原

【Abstract】 Human’s posture of standing upright is a remarkable mark which distinguishes from other animals. But since human beings began to upright walking, it caused quite a few disadvantages because of the force of gravity. Therefore someone put forward a proposal that people could improve their health by doing the handstand (low order head and inclined position with an angle of 90 degrees). The test target of this research is 24 in-service shooting and archery athletes. The research introduces the theories and methods about a variety of changes which human body may appear under the condition of weightlessness or stimulated weightlessness in the field of aerospace. It aims at probing into the athletes’ recovery of the central function in competitive sports of shooting and archery. In this research, document search, experimentation, verbal report, questionnaire survey and mathematical statistics are adopted. The following are the results:The training of HDT can obviously improve the brain center function and the state of advanced brain function.1. In the training of HDT, the varying range of electroencephalogram index is obvious with the inclined angles between -60°and -90°. In the training of the both angles, the a frequency power rate in parts P3, P4, O1, O2 declined obviously. The change of the inclined angles and time expanding made the athletes’ brain bloodstream speed slowly and also had a influence on the brain function in the parietal lobe and occipital lobe. Not being adapted to the change of body position, athletes may feel nervous and fear. It caused the frequency of brainwave to quicken and an obvious rise in frequencyβin parts F3, F4,T3, T4. Meanwhile a clear head, low energy factor, temporal lobe synchronization, frontal superiority, quiet degree, composite index, electroencephalogram (EEG) coherence function are also obviously declined. After the training of HDT, the athletes’ brain indexes obviously raised compared to the state of sitting quietly before the training, especially the high wakeful degree, temporal lobe synchronization, frontal superiority and electroencephalogram (EEG) coherence function P3-P4. The research shows that the athletes’ brain function recovered well. It also shows that the bigger the angular dimension of HDT is, the wider the changing range of electroencephalogram indexes is on condition that the sitting position is recovered.2. After 8-week training of HDT with the angle -90°, the athletes’ SAS score, PSQI score, SCL-90 total score declined. It shows that the training can improve the sleeping, relieve the anxiety, ease the discomfort and bad mood by changing the brain bloodstream and nervous centralis function. With the training time expanding, the benign effect becomes more obvious. After the training, the brain function improved and the vegetative nervous system was adjusted better. It can help athletes get rid of the low spirit or bad mood, deal with variety of training problems and improve the ability when they face the competition pressure. It can promote the physical healthy and finally form a virtuous cycle, and make the central nervous system, vegetative nervous system, visceral system and psychological activity in good state.更多还原