【作者】 宋淑娥；

【导师】 施志辉；

【作者基本信息】 大连交通大学 ， 机械制造及其自动化， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 随着国家经济的快速发展及制造业技术水平的不断提高,铁路提速使我国的铁路“瓶颈”制约状况将得到缓解,铁路提速也对铁路车辆上各部件的制造提出了更高的要求。轴箱体是客车转向架上的关键零件,轴箱体分为两类,一类是整体式轴箱体,一类是剖分式轴箱体。剖分式轴箱体由轴箱体、转臂及箍组成,转臂及箍用螺栓连接固定在轴箱体外圆上。本文基于“某股份有限公司客车转向架的部分零件的制造工艺改造”项目,针对剖分式轴箱体生产中存在的质量问题及加工效率偏低的状况,对现有剖分式转向架轴箱体加工工艺进行了分析,对轴箱体加工中较为关键的几个工序做了一些研究和探索。具有较强的针对性和实际价值。经过现场调研得知,轴箱体零件加工中主要存在以下几方面问题:①轴箱体与轴承相配的内孔圆柱度超差;②迷宫槽相对于内孔的同轴度超差;③现有轴箱体的加工效率偏低。针对以上问题,首先对现有加工工艺进行了分析和研究,认为原工艺中,毛坯的尺寸、工序尺寸和加工余量不是很合理,本文利用尺寸链原理重新计算了轴箱体的加工余量及工序尺寸,经计算认为现场铸件尺寸和加工余量均偏大。针对精度超差的质量问题,使用因果图法,系统地分析和寻找引起质量问题的原因,分析了夹紧变形、刀具及切削用量对精度的影响;利用材料力学、弹性力学相关定律,推导出由夹紧变形引起的形状误差的计算公式,由此公式可计算出不同的夹紧力所产生的变形大小;并进行了切削用量的优化计算,经计算发现原加工工艺中,所采用的切削用量偏小。最后提出了改进方案并整理出一套完整的工艺文件。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the fast development of national economy and the unceasing improvement of the manufacturing technology, the restriction situation of the railway“bottleneck”will be eased because of the speeding up, mean while, the parts of better quality on the railway cars are required. There are two kinds of the axle box body, both of which play important roles on carriage bogie, one being the whole type and the other being the divided type. The divided axis box components are composed of the axis box body, the arm and the hoop. The arm and the hoop are fixed through bolt connection on the outside circle of the axle box body.Based on the project of "The manufacturing processing improvement of the partial elements of carriage bogie of Changchun Railway Vehicles CO,.LTD", this paper analyzed the processing of divided axle box body used in bogie presently are made some researches and explorations to some relatively crucial processes of axle box body, aiming at the quality problem and the situation of low processing efficiency during the production of the axle box body. It has stronger pertinence and practicability.It can be known through the on-the-spot investigation that there are a few problems during the processing of axle box body:①out of tolerance of hole cylindricity of axis box and bearing②out of tolerance of the coaxial degree of maze grooves relative to hole③The processing efficiency of the existing axle box body is relatively low. According to the analysis and research about the processing, a lot of problems need to be solved, such as the irrationality of blank size, process size and allowance in original processing. On the basis of the size chain principle, we calculated the process size and the mental allowance of the axis box body, pointing out that the cast size and mental allowance are bigger than the required size. The method of cause and effect was adopted to analyze and seek systematically the reason for the quality problem, to analyze the influence of the clipping deformation, the tool and cutting conditions on the precision according to the out of tolerance. Based on material mechanics and Elasticity-related law, the formula of shape error is derived from the clipping deformation which can be used to calculate the deformed size caused by different clamping force. It is discovered that the cutting parameters are much smaller than the required ones in the original process after optimization calculation of cutting parameters was done. Finally, an improved scheme was put forward. And, a set of complete process file was done.更多还原