【作者】 武赟；

【导师】 杜先锋；

【作者基本信息】 安徽农业大学 ， 农产品加工与贮藏， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 多孔淀粉,是一种新型变性淀粉,具有良好的吸附性,基本上能吸附除了膏状物质以外的任何形态的物质,安全无毒,使用计量不受限制,因此多孔淀粉在食品、医药卫生等行业具有广泛的运用。我国是玉米生产大国,玉米淀粉质优价廉,本论文以玉米淀粉为原料,对多孔淀粉的酶解制备、喷雾干燥工艺以及多孔淀粉对卷烟主流烟气吸附效果进行了研究。以淀粉水解率为指标,分别研究了缓冲液pH、酶解温度、加酶量、酶解时间、搅拌速度对酶解制备多孔淀粉的影响。在考虑后续实验及效率的基础上,确定最佳酶解条件为:缓冲液pH4.0,酶解温度40℃,加酶量5μL,酶解5个小时,搅拌强度30%。以淀粉水解率、吸油率、色素吸附量为指标,分别研究了在酶解前、中、后三个阶段超声波的功率、作用时间、底物浓度对酶解制备多孔淀粉的影响。结果表明:超声辅助酶解制备多孔淀粉的效果好于普通的酶解;酶解过程中超声作用的效果总体好于酶解前和酶解后。因此,在单因素实验的基础上,以吸油率为指标,正交优化得到最佳条件为:超声功率50%、超声时间30min,淀粉乳浓度70%,在此条件下处理得到的多孔淀粉吸油率为170.82%。以淀粉水解率、吸油率为指标,分别研究了在酶解前、后两个阶段微波辐射(中功率、高功率)的作用时间对酶解制备多孔淀粉的影响。结果表明,酶解前高功率微波辐射30s得到的产品吸油率最高,为134.48%:辐射40s得到的产品柠檬黄吸附量最高,为1.43mg/g。采用电子显微镜、X-射线衍射仪、快速粘度测定仪对经酶解制备和超声波、微波辅助酶解制备的多孔淀粉进行微观结构、晶体结构和粘度的测定。测定结果表明:多孔淀粉的微观结构、晶体结构、粘度的变化与其水解率、吸油率的变化大致相吻合,这为超声波、微波技术在酶解制备多孔淀粉中的应用提供了直观的理论和实验参考依据。以产品外观、吸油率、柠檬黄吸附量、微观结构为指标,以进样速度、料液浓度、进风口温度、雾化器转速、出风口温度为优化因素,对多孔淀粉的喷雾干燥工艺进行正交实验。确定多孔淀粉喷雾干燥的最佳工艺条件为:料液浓度15%,进样流速30mL/min、进风口温度160℃,雾化器转速33250r/min、出风口温度65℃。在此条件下,产品的吸油率为109.24%,柠檬黄吸附量为1.28mg/g。将多孔淀粉添加在卷烟过滤嘴中,研究多孔淀粉添加量对卷烟主流烟气中总粒相物、焦油量、烟气烟碱量和一氧化碳的吸附效果。结果表明:在滤棒中添加10mg的多孔淀粉,对于降低卷烟主流烟气中的总粒相物、焦油量、烟气烟碱具有积极的作用。将10mg活性炭、普通玉米淀粉添加在卷烟过滤嘴中,研究多不同吸附剂对卷烟主流烟气的吸附效果,结果表明:多孔淀粉的吸附性能明显优于活性炭和普通玉米淀粉。更多还原

【Abstract】 Porous starch is a new type of modified starch which has a good absorption;it can adsorb any material other than the paste.Porous starch is also of security, drug-free,unrestricted use of measurement,so it has been applied in the areas of food industry,medicine,public health and other sectors.China is the largest producer of corn,corn starch is cheap and of better quality.This paper studied on preparation of porous starch with corn starch by glucoamylase catalysis,spray drying process and the effect of porous starch on the mainstream cigarette smoke.The effects of buffer pH,hydrolysis temperature,amount of glucoamylase, hydrolysis time and stirring rate on the preparation of porous starch were studied with hydrolysis ratio as indicators.In considering follow-up experiments and the efficiency, to determine the optimal conditions for the hydrolysis:buffer pH4.0,hydrolysis temperature 40℃,amount of glucoamylase 5μL,hydrolysis time 5 h,and stirring intensity 30%.The effects of sonication power,sonication time and slurry concentration on the preparation of porous starch were investigated before,during and after the starch being hydrolyzed.The indicators were hydrolysis ratio(HR),oil absorption ratio (OAR) and citron yellow absorbance(CYA).The results showed that: ultrasound-assisted hydrolysis was more effective than the average hydrolysis;the combination of sonication and hydrolysis has better performance than the sonication before and after hydrolysis.On the basis of single factor experiments,the orthogonal experiments were designed to optimize the best conditions as follows:sonication power 50%,sonication time 30 min,and slurry concentration 70%.The oil absorption ratio of porous starch preparation in the conditions was 170.82%.The effects of microwave radiation(middle power,higher power) on the preparation of porous starch were investigated before and after the starch being hydrolyzed with the OAR and CYA as indicators.The results showed that the porous starch radiated by higher power microwave before hydrolysis for 30 s has the highest ORA of 134.48%;the product radiated for 40 s has the highest CYA of 1.43 mg/g.Electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction and rapid viscosity analyzer were used to evaluate the micro-structure,crystal structure and pasting properties of porous starch which prepared by average hydrolysis,ultrasound-assisted and microwave-assisted hydrolysis.The results indicated that the characteristics of porous starch matched with their DH,DOB and CYA on the whole;also they can provide the intuitive theory and experiment reference for the application of ultrasound and microwave technology in the preparation of porous starch.Factors that had influence on the product appearance,OAR,CYA and micro-structure were mainly considered,including:sample introduction rate,material concentration,inlet temperature,outlet temperature and atomizer speed.The orthogonal experiments were designed to optimize the porous starch spray drying technics.The results were as follows:concentration of liquid material 15%,sampling introduction rate 30 mL/min,inlet temperature 160℃,atomizer speed 33250 r/min, and outlet temperature 65℃.Under these conditions,the OAR of the product was 109.24%,the CYA was 1.28mg/g.Porous starch o(?)ifferent amount was added into the cigarette filter tip to investigate its influence on the absorption of total particulate matter,tar,nicotine and carbon monoxide in the mainstream cigarette smoke.The results indicated that:the filter rod added 10 mg of porous starch has a positive effect on lowering the amount of total particulate matter,tar,nicotine and carbon monoxide in the mainstream cigarette smoke.The 10mg activated charcoal and corn starch were added into cigarette filter tip respectively to investigated the influence of different adsorbent on mainstream cigarettes smoke,and the results showed that the absorption properties of porous starch is superior to the activated carbon and corn starch.更多还原