“媒介审判”的个案分析

【作者】 张健；

【导师】 王志强；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 法律， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 “媒介审判”,作为一种超越司法程序的预设性审判,由于媒体报道和公众舆论在主观上具有干预司法审判的意图,在客观上可能会给法官带来巨大的心理压力,使其无法严格遵照法官职业道德和行为准则的要求正常行使司法审判权,从而给法制建设的推进、法治精神的传播、司法权威的树立带来一系列消极影响。所以,对“媒介审判”评价,无论是在法学界抑或新闻传播学界都存在着一定的争议。有人认为“媒介审判”违背了“无罪推定”、“罪刑法定”等刑法基本原则,干扰司法审判的正常进行,是违反法律的行为。也有人认为“媒介审判”是媒体舆论话语权、知情权、监督权的彰显,误导司法之说无所谈起。本文以一些学者称之为“媒介审判影响司法审判”的典型案例——“刘涌案”为样本,从心理学的角度,运用“需要、动机、行为”理论,在详细梳理“刘涌案”司法进程的各个阶段媒体舆论和法官两者各自行为表现的基础上,对可能引起媒体舆论和法官双方行为动机产生的各种心理需要和外界诱因,逐一进行分析和研究。本文试图从中找出引发“媒介审判”各种负面影响产生的主客观因素,并探究在现今中国社会媒体和司法特殊大背景之下,在与现代法治观念相左的某些传统思想文化观念依然根深蒂固地影响着绝大多数公众的情况下,如何降低“媒介审判”负面影响产生的可能性,尽量减小“媒介审判影响司法审判”现象出现的几率。本文除引言和结语之外,分为上、下两篇。上篇将“刘涌案”的整个司法进程划分为:一审判决之前、一审判决之后到二审判决之前、二审判决之后再审判决之前、再审判决之后等四个阶段,以“需要、动机、行为”这一心理学基础理论为依据,对“刘涌案”司法进程每一阶段之中,媒体舆论和法官的行为表现进行分析,找出引发他们各自行为动机产生的心理需要和外界诱因。下篇在分析媒体舆论和司法大背景的基础上,找出“媒介审判影响司法审判”这一现象出现的深层原因和直接原因,并在充分认识到我国特殊国情之下上述现象产生的必然性和存在的长期性的同时,寻找一些切实可行、短期之内可以见效、与现代法治观念相符合的方法,在充分保障公众知情权、话语权和监督权的前提下,改进司法审判制度中和法管工作方法上存在的缺陷,建立媒体舆论和法官之间畅通交流的固定渠道,增强两者之间的良性互动,降低“媒介审判”负面影响出现的可能性,增强公众法律意识、传播现代法治理念、牢固树立司法权威。更多还原

【Abstract】 "Media trial", as a default of the trial beyond the judicial process, due to media coverage and public opinion in a subjective intention to interfere with the administration of justice, and could bring judge enormous psychological pressure objectively, making judges can not be in strict compliance with its professional ethics and code of conduct for the requirements of normal exercise of judicial jurisdiction. Therefore, the evaluation to "media trial", both in legal circle or news media scholars there is a certain degree of controversy.This thesis, taking Liu Yong case as an example, which some scholars have called a typical case of "media trial" impacting on the administration of justice," focuses on the behavior of the public and judges at all stages of the judicial process of this case. It examines and analyzes psychological needs and various external incentives which may cause the motivations of the media and the judges, in an attempt to identify the subjective and objective factors which trigger various negative impact of "medium trial", and explore how to reduce it.In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the main part of the thesis is divided into two chapters.Chapter one divides the entire judicial process of Liu Yong case into four stages, according to the basic theory "needs, motivations and behavior", analyzing the behavior of the public and the judges at every stage of the judicial process of, to find out their motivation which was triggered by the psychological needs and the outside incentives.Chapter two, exploring the media and the judiciary background, examines the deep-seated causes and direct causes which trigger the phenomenon of "media trial affecting the administration of justice", while looking for some methods which are practical, short term effective, and in line with the modern concept of the rule of law.更多还原