金融扶持弱势群体的社会收益及政策选择

【作者】 刘辉；

【导师】 朱弘鑫；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 金融学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 金融手段在缓解贫困方面发挥着积极作用,信贷扶贫是反贫困理论中的重要组成部分。小额信贷以其独特的制度设计成为扶贫领域中的佼佼者,越来越受到发展中国家的关注。小额信贷的客户目标针对的是处于金融市场边缘地位的弱势群体,因为弱势群体的贷款具有数额小、风险大、无法提供担保、管理和交易费用高等特点,正规金融机构由于趋利性和政策性限制,会拒绝对弱势群体贷款。制度型小额信贷采用市场经济运行规则,强调实现扶持弱势群体的同时在财务上要保持可持续性。同时,小额信贷项目的数额小、短期、贫困者自我组织、互相担保的制度规定,自动排斥了非贫困者,并且保证了还贷率。我国目前正处于经济转轨时期,经济结构调整、国有企业改革及其他经济制度的变化,出现了一批新型弱势群体。本文在分析金融扶持弱势群体社会收益和经济成本的基础上,以小额信贷资金进入扶持弱势群体领域为切入点,分析了农村信用社和小额信贷机构在扶持弱势群体过程中的作用,以及目前运作过程中存在的一些问题,研究金融扶持弱势群体的可行性,最后从政府职责、外部环境、内部机制和配套的公共财政政策等角度探索金融扶持弱势群体的发展之路。更多还原

【Abstract】 The financial instruments are playing the positive role in the alleviation impoverishment. Helping the poor with credit is an important component part in the counter-impoverished theory. Microfinace system with its own unique design become outstanding in the field of poverty alleviation, and receives more and more attention from the developing country.The targeting customers of microfinance are the vulnerable groups who are marginalized in the financial market. As to the little amount, the large risks, no guarantee, the high management and transaction costs, the regular financial institutions reject to loan to the minority groups. Because they are profit seekers or are limited in some policy. The systematic Micro-credit on the market rules, stressed the importance of maintain financial sustainability as well as achieving to support vulnerable groups. At the same time, the microfinance projects, which are small amount, short-term, poor self-organization, guarantee mutually, exclude the non-poor automatically and ensure that the loan repaying rate. As China is now in a period of economic transformation, economic restructuring, reforms of state-owned enterprises and other changes in the economic system, there have been some new vulnerable groups.Based on the analysis in society benefits and economic costs about finance support the vulnerable groups, this paper takes microfinance funds’ supporting vulnerable groups as the breakthrough point, demonstrate the role of the financial support to the vulnerable groups. After analyzing the functions and the current problems of the Rural credit cooperative and microfinance institution in the operation process of supporting vulnerable groups, the author probes into the feasibility of financial supporting vulnerable groups. Finally, the article try to explore the roads of financial supportting to vulnerable groups developping continuable from the point of the responsibility of governments, external environment, internal mechanism and the coordinated public finance policy.更多还原