汉语虚动句及其认知分析

【作者】 王莉；

【导师】 蒋勇；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 语言学及应用语言学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 Talmy(2000)认为针对同一客体,英语中存在真实程度不等,相互矛盾的两种认知表现方式,比如真实静止和虚拟位移或者真实位移和虚拟静止,由此他专文探索了语言系统中的虚拟位移现象(fictive motion)。本文以Talmy(2000)提出的虚拟位移概念为全文的论述起点,集中描述并分析了汉语中“以动写静”的虚拟动态句。文章首先对国内外相关研究的文献作了一番梳理和评述,建立起了研究的起点。进而提出了界定汉语虚动句的标准,并集中挖掘了集中挖掘了一部分涉及空间静止关系和感知、心理和时间等抽象范畴的虚拟位移现象,为文章提供支撑的语料。在对汉语虚动句的界定标准基础上,文章对汉语虚动句进行了分类分析,从其句法和语义特征上给予解释,进而立足于认知语义学相关理论,挖掘虚动句产生的生成原因,结合具体实例阐释虚动句的认知基础,更好地证明概念化过程的体验性和人的主观性。继而引进各家相关观点分析概括虚动句的产生机制,主要从图式投射和空间符合的角度分析汉语虚动句,从而加深对汉语虚动句的理解。最后引入心理学实例和社会文化领域相关知识,佐证语言系统中的虚拟位移现象在其他认知域中也有同质的表现,语言系统与其他认知系统一致,而非独立而自主的存在。更多还原

【Abstract】 Leonard Talmy, in her book Toward a Cognitive Semantics(2000), defined the cognitive pattern of veridically unequal discrepant representations of the same object as "the pattern of general fictivity", and based on this, introduced the cognitive concept of "fictive motion", comparing to "factive motion". This paper is constructed on the basis of the concept of "fictive motion" Talmy proposed, and focus on the study of fictive motion in Chinese. In this paper, we first have a summary look and comment at the referent researches done in and abroad, then put forward the principal features distinguishing categories of Chinese language, and based on the definitions we set, we choose a good variety of Chinese FM, that ranges from static spatial existence to abstract mental activity and expressions referring to time.Further, according to the definitions of FM sentence, this paper move on to form a basic categories of the FM sentences, and combining the features in syntax and semantic, giving a concrete analysis. Absorbing the referent theories of Cognitive Semantics, we move on to explore the deep cognitive basis undergoing there in the FM sentences. We think, FM sentences in Chinese reflect that languages do not mirror the object word while conceptualizer plays a quite key role in forming and using the language. Since we find out how important the body experiences are, we finally come to our conclusion: FM sentences are formed by the projections from the concrete inputs of real motions.At the end, for the plausibility of our argument, we introduce some helpful psychological experiments, and also many interesting examples in social and culture fields. We then come to the our conclusion that fictive does not just exist in language, but also in other domains of our real life. So language has the same structure as other cognitive representations, it is not a dependent system from others.更多还原