【作者】 陈付军；

【导师】 宫长荣；

【作者基本信息】 河南农业大学 ， 烟草学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以密集烤房供热系统理论计算结果为参考,系统地研究了不同配置条件下密集烤房的热效率、烘烤环境、建造成本及经济效益,并进行生产示范验证,主要结果如下:1.在装烟密度为55-65kg/m3的情况下,装烟室长6m的中型密集烤房的最大需热量为284595.3kJ/h。散煤火炉炉排面积应达到0.44-0.63m2;炉膛容积应达到0.36-0.47m3。使用金属材料换热器时,散热面积应在8.0-8.7 m2之间;使用非金属材料换热器时,散热面积应在9.5-10.4 m2之间。2.立式火炉和蜂窝煤火炉一次加煤可稳温15小时以上,烤一炉烟加煤次数降至6-9次,劳动强度较低。蜂窝煤火炉燃料的燃烧强度符合烟叶烘烤需热规律,温湿度控制容易,温度控制精度±1.5℃,湿度控制精度±0.3℃,和卧式火炉相比,千克干烟耗煤量降低0.19千克,上等烟比例提高4.8%,均价提高0.08元/kg干烟。立式火炉千克干烟耗煤量比卧式火炉低0.21千克,上等烟比例提高3.4%;和蜂窝煤火炉相比,立式火炉对燃料要求的范围更宽,适应性强。3.金属材料换热器和钢管砌制换热器散热效果较好,耐火材料换热器次之,土瓦管换热器散热效果最差。“N”形和“S”形换热器两端平均温差较小,“三”形换热器两端平均温差较大。“S”形换热器进风道两侧热空气温差和风速差最小,“N”形换热器次之,“三”形换热器最大。“S”形和“N”形换热器烤房装烟室内温度和风速均匀性较好,“三”形换热器较差。“S”形和“三”形换热器烤房装烟室内风速较大,“N”形换热器较小,使用“N”换热器时,应配置稍大的风机、电机。不同结构加热设备的烘烤效应以立式火炉+“S”钢管砌制换热器、立式火炉+“S”耐火材料换热器、蜂窝煤火炉+“S”钢管砌制换热器和蜂窝煤火炉+“S”耐火材料换热器较好,千克干烟耗煤量在1.37-1.43千克之间,千克干烟耗电量在0.45-0.47度之间,上等烟比例46%以上,均价大于10元/kg,千克干烟烘烤成本不足1元,经济效应明显。装烟室长6m的中型密集烤房配备立式铁质火炉+金属换热器时,炉膛容积需满足每1m3装烟室0.007 m3,共0.37 m3;炉膛总进风面积应满足每1m2装烟室0.03m2,共0.486m2;换热器散热面积需满足每1m2装烟室0.5m2,共8.10m2。配备立式机砖火炉+耐火材料换热器时,炉膛容积需满足每1m3装烟室0.008 m3,共0.43 m3;炉膛总进风面积应满足每1m2装烟室0.035m2,共0.567m2;换热器散热面积需满足每1m2装烟室0.60m2,共9.72m2,试验结果与通过热量计算出的结果相符。4.加热室围护结构散热损失是烤房散热损失的主要部分,降低加热室围护结构散热损失是降低烤房散热损失的关键。180mm厚的墙体保温性能较差,整个烘烤阶段总散热损失在1500MJ以上,散热损失较大;240mm墙体保温性能较好,整个烘烤阶段总散热损失在1000MJ以下,散热损失较小,若使用膨化珍珠岩内壁,总围护结构散热损失可降至800MJ以下,保温效果更好,烤房的热效率明显提高。5.采用蜂窝煤火炉或立式火炉,“S”钢管砌制换热器或耐火材料换热器的密集烤房生产示范试验结果表明,密集烤房烤后烟叶有效产量为2124 kg/ha,比普通烤房提高116 kg/ha;上等烟比例为45.68%,比普通烤房增加7.78个百分点;均价为9.71元/kg干烟,比普通烤房提高0.70元/kg干烟。耗电量为0.48度/kg干烟,比普通烤房增加0.42度/kg干烟;耗煤量为1.46 kg/kg干烟,比普通烤房降低0.54kg/kg干烟;用工28个/ha,比普通烤房节省95个/ha。密集烤房能增加烤后烟叶产量,提高上等烟叶比例和均价,降低能耗和用工,经济性状明显增加。更多还原

【Abstract】 Systematic study was carried out of Bulk Curing Barn’s thermal efficiency, curing environment, cost of construction and Economic Benefit under different configurations, which taken the theoretical results of Bulk Curing Barn’s heat-supply system as the reference. And the production demonstration test was also carried out to verify the test results.Its main conclusion is as follows:1. The maximum heat demand of middle size Bulk Curing Barn with loading room of 6m long was 284595.3 kJ/h on the condition that the loading density was 55-65 kg/m3. As to the loose coal stove,the area of its grate should be reached 0.44-0.63m2, the volume of its furnace should be reached 0.36-0.47m3. The heat radiating area of heat exchanger should be reached 8.0-8.7 m2 when the metal materials be used while the area should be reached 9.5-10.4 m2 when the nonmetallic material be used.2. The vertical stove and the honeycomb briquette stove can keep in a stabilized temperature over 15h by once coal filling,and the labor intensity was lower for the coal filling times drop to 6-9 one curing. The combustion intensity of the coal that in honeycomb briquette stove was agree well with the law of heat need . So the control of temperature and humidity was much easyer, the temperature control precision was±1.5℃,and the precision of humidity was±0.3℃. Compared with the horizontal-type stove, honeycomb briquette stove’s coal consumed was fewer, per 1000g drying tobacco decreased by 0.19kg, the proportion of high class leaf was improved by 4.8% and the average price was increased by 0.08 yuan/ kg. While the vertical stove’s coal consumption was fewest, per 1000g drying tobacco decreased by 0.19kg compared with the horizontal-type stove, the proportion of high class leaf was improved by3.4%. compared with the honeycomb briquette stove, the vertical stove had more extensive range of fuel and better adaptability.3. The radiating effect of heat interchanger with metal materials or steel pipe was the best ,the one with refractory was in the second place,and the one with soil tile was the poorest. The two ends temperature difference of changers between“N”type ,“S”type and“S”type were different.“N”type and“S”type were little while“三”type was great. The uniformity of temperature and the air speed in“N”and“S”types changers were better than the“三”type’s. the speed of air in“三”and“S”types’room of loading tobacco leaf were bigger than the“N” type’s, so the fan or the motor should be bigger while using“N”type heating changer. The effect of heating equipment with different structure was different , someone had a favourable effect,such as the next 4 kinds: vertical stove and“S”type steel pipe changers, vertical stove and“S”type refractory changers, honeycomb briquette stove and“S”type steel pipe changers, honeycomb briquette stove and“S”type refractory changers. The bulk curing barns with heating equipments of these structure had much better curing effect. The coal consumption of per 1000g drying tobacco was in the scope of 1.37-1.43 kg,and the electricity consumption of per 1000g drying tobacco was in the scope of 0.45-0.47kwh.The proportion of high class leaf was over 46% , the average price of per 1000g drying tobacco was over 10 yuan/kg and the cost was lower than 1 yuan. As the medium bulk curing barn with vertical iron stove and metal materials changers, its furnace volume was 0.007 m3 per 1m3 loading room and 0.37 m3 in total, the inlet air area was 0.03m2 per 1m2 loading room and 0.486m2 in total and the heat radiating area of changer was 0.5 m2 and 8.10m2 in total in order to meet the need. But the medium bulk curing barn with vertical brick stove and refractory changers, the furnace volume was 0.008 m3 per 1m3 loading room and 0.43 m3 in total, the inlet air area was 0.035m2 per 1m2 loading room and 0.567m2 in total, and the heat radiating area of changer was 0.60 m2 and 9.72m2 in total in order to meet the need. The test results were match with the results by computing .4. The heat loss of heating room’enclosure structure was higher, decreased the heat loss of heating room’enclosure structure was the key to decrease the heat loss of bulk curing barn’s enclosure structure. The thermal insulation performance of 180mm thickness of body wall was poor, the heat loss of all the walls was above 1500 MJ(the lost was bigger) in curing stage but 240mm thickness of body wall was better and the heat loss of all the walls was under 1000 MJ (the lost was smaller)in curing stage. the heat loss of all the walls can be under 800MJ ,the insulation effect would be better and the thermal efficiency would be improved if the fine perlite was used.5. Study on the production demonstration test of bulk curing barn(with honeycomb briquette stove or vertical stove,“S”type steel pipe changers or“S”type refractory changers), the results showed that the effective tobacco production of bulk curing barn was 2124 kg/ha increased by116 kg/ha compared with traditional flue-curing barn, the proportion of high class leaf was 45.68% , increased by 7.78% compared with traditional flue-curing barn, the average price of per 1000g drying tobacco was 9.71yuan/kg , increased by 0.70 yuan/kg compared with traditional flue-curing Barn. The electricity consumption of per 1000g drying tobacco was 0.48 kwh increased by0.48 kwh compared with traditional flue-curing barn, the coal consumption of per 1000g drying tobacco was1.46 kg reduced 0.54kg compared with traditional flue-curing barn, the work amount of per hectare was 28 Reduced 95 compared with traditional flue-curing barn. The bulk curing barn could increased the production of cured tobacco leaves, improve the proportion of high class leaf, reduce the energy consumption and labor, and economic characters were increased obviously.更多还原