【作者】 王平；

【导师】 王振林；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 在大田条件下,以强筋品种济麦20和弱筋品种山农1391为材料,研究了不同磷素水平对2类型品种小麦籽粒HMW-GS和GMP含量及产量的影响。主要研究结果如下:1施磷对小麦籽粒产量及其构成的影响在0～135kg(P2O5)hm2范围内,施磷明显提高2品种籽粒产量,提高其穗粒数、穗数、千粒重等产量构成因素。施磷量超过135 kg(P2O5)/hm2时,SN1391的穗数和千粒重降低,JM20的穗数和穗粒数下降,导致最终2施磷处理间产量差异不明显。在0～135kg(P2O5)/hm2范围内,施磷明显提高2品种干物质的积累。此外,籽粒产量主要由花后积累干物质组成,但是施磷降低花后干物质积累量和贡献率。施磷明显提高花前干物质积累量及其向籽粒中的转移量,提高了其对产量形成的贡献率。施磷对小麦籽粒产量形成的调节主要是通过影响花前干物质积累及其转移来实现的。2施磷对小麦旗叶叶绿素含量的影响在0～135kg(P2O5)/hm2范围内,施用磷肥可以提高2品种小麦旗叶叶绿素a、b、a+b含量。施磷量超过135 kg(P2O5)/hm2时,施磷可以提高JM20灌浆前中期叶绿素a、b、a+b含量,但是对SN1391效果不明显。3施磷对旗叶氮代谢关键酶活性的影响在0～135kg(P2O5)/hm2范围内,施磷明显提高济麦20灌浆前期旗叶硝酸还原酶(NR)和谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性,但却降低山农1391旗叶硝酸还原酶(NR)和谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性。强筋品种济麦20在灌浆中、后期旗叶内肽酶(EP)活性、羧肽酶(CP)活性因施磷而提高,而弱筋品种山农1391的内肽酶(EP)活性、羧肽酶(CP)活性则降低。施磷量超过135 kg(P2O5)/hm2时,2品种对施磷的反应相似,即P1与P2处理间均无显著差异。4施磷对籽粒蛋白质及其组分含量的影响在0～135kg(P2O5)/hm2范围内,施磷明显提高济麦20蛋白质含量和积累量,但降低山农1391籽粒蛋白质含量和积累量。而2品种成熟期蛋白质产量却随磷肥的施用而提高。施磷量超过135 kg(P2O5)/hm2时,2品种对施磷的反应相似,即P1与P2处理间均无显著差异。在0～135kg(P2O5)/hm2范围内,施用磷肥使济麦20籽粒清蛋白、醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白的含量提高,球蛋白含量有所降低,但弱筋品种山农1391籽粒球蛋白、醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白的含量因施磷而降低,清蛋白含量未见显著变化。5施磷对小麦籽粒GMP和SGP的影响在0～135kg(P2O5)/hm2范围内,施磷提高JM20籽粒GMP含量及其在总蛋白质中所占的比例,但是降低SGP含量及其在总蛋白质中所占的比例。施磷降低了SN1391籽粒GMP含量及其在总蛋白质中所占的比例,但是SGP含量及其在总蛋白质中所占的比例均随磷肥的使用而提高。6施磷对小麦籽粒HMW-GS的影响JM20籽粒HMW-GS含量,随施磷量的增加呈先升高后降低的趋势,但是施磷降低SN1391籽粒HMW-GS的含量。表明,施磷不利于SN1391HMW-GS的形成,但适量施磷促进JM20 HMW-GS的积累,过量施磷时才降低JM20 HMW-GS含量。施磷降低SN1391 Glu- B1和Glu-D1位点编码HMW-GS的含量;施磷亦降低JM20 Glu-A1和Glu- B1基因位点编码HMW-GS的含量,但提高其Glu-D1基因位点编码HMW-GS含量。因此,在大田生产实践中,应根据不同品质类型品种旗叶氮素代谢、籽粒产量、籽粒蛋白质及其组分含量、籽粒HMW-GS等对施磷的不同反应确定合理的磷肥施用量。更多还原

【Abstract】 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of phosphorus on Content of HMW-GS and GMP and yield of Wheat Grains. The field experiment was conducted from 2005 through 2006 at the Experiment Station of Shandong Agricultural University in Taian, Shandong. 2 cultivars, strong gluten cultivar JM20 and weak gluten cultivar SN1391, were compared at 3 levels of phosphorus application rates, 0 kg/ha, 135 kg/ha and 225 kg/ha, respectively. The major results are as following.1 Effect of phosphorus on Grain yield and its componentsIn this study, Grain yield、Spike number、Grain number and Grain weight were improved with increasing of phosphorus application rate in the range from 0 kg/ha to 135 kg/ha. Spike number and Grain weight of SN1391, Spike number and Grain number of JM20 are reduced, while accommodating more phosphorus than 135 kg/ha. Then there is no obvious difference of the Grain yield among treatments. The effect of phosphorus on Grain yield by adjusting the components of Grain yield.The dry matter accumulation of 2 cultivars increased with increasing of phosphorus application rate in the range from 0 kg/ha to 135 kg/ha. Grain yield is major made up of dry matter, which accumulated after anthesis. Accumulate amount of dry matter after anthesis stage and transfer ratio of anthesis stage DW to grain increased with phosphorus application. The effect of phosphorus on Grain yield by adjusting contribution ratio of accumulate amount of dry matter after anthesis stage.2 Effect of phosphorus on chlorophyll content in flag leafChlorophyll content in flag leaf of 2 cultivars increased with increasing of phosphorus application rate in the range from 0 kg/ha to 135 kg/ha. While accommodating more phosphorus than 135 kg/ha, chlorophyll content in flag leaf of JM20 can be increased, but there is no obvious difference with SN1391.3 Effect of phosphorus on Activities of Enzymes Related to Nitrogen Metabolism in Flag LeavesThe activities of NR, GS, EP and CP of strong gluten wheat JM20 were improved with increasing of phosphorus application rate in the range from 0 kg/ha to 135 kg/ha. However, these indexes of weak gluten wheat SN1391 were dropped with increasing of phosphorus application rate from 0 kg/ha to 135 kg/ha in this study. There is no obvious difference on the Activities of Enzymes between P1 and P2,while accommodating more phosphorus than 135 kg/ha.4 Effect of phosphorus on Protein Content of Wheat GrainsIn this study, the protein content of JM20 grains was increased due to phosphorus fertilizer application, although that of SN1391 reduced. The protein yield of 2 cultivars was increased with increasing of phosphorus application rate in the range from 0 kg/ha to 135 kg/ha. There is no obvious difference on t protein content between P1 and P2,while accommodating more phosphorus than 135 kg/ha.Albumin、Glindin and Glutenin of JM20 was increased due to phosphorus fertilizer application, although Globulin、Glindin and Glutenin of SN1391 , Globulin of JM20 reduced.5 Effect of phosphorus on GMP and SGP of Wheat GrainsGMP content and the rate of GMP/Pr of JM20 was increased with increasing of phosphorus application rate in the range from 0 kg/ha to 135 kg/ha, although SGP content and the rate of SGP /Pr reduced. SGP content and the rate of SGP /Pr of SN1391 were improved with application of phosphorus, although GMP content and the rate of GMP/Pr reduced.6 Effect of phosphorus on HMW-GS of Wheat GrainsHMW-GS content of JM20 was increased with increasing of phosphorus application rate in the range from 0 kg/ha to 135 kg/ha, and that reduced while accommodating more phosphorus than 135 kg/ha. However HMW-GS content of SN1391 was dropped with increasing of phosphorus application.The content of HMW-GS coded by Glu-1D locus and Glu- B1 was reduced with increasing of phosphorus application in SN1391. The content of HMW-GS coded by Glu-1A locus and Glu- B1 was reduced with increasing of phosphorus application in JM20. The content of HMW-GS coded by Glu-1D locus was increased with increasing of phosphorus application rate in JM20.Above results suggested that the phosphorus application should be adopted according to the distinguishing demands of wheat cultivars differing in end-uses quality.更多还原