【作者】 贺冬梅；

【导师】 张崇玉；

【作者基本信息】 贵州大学 ， 植物营养， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 采用正交设计,通过玉米盆栽试验,研究了不同水肥耦合对玉米生长发育、干物质累积动态变化、养分累积动态变化、肥料利用率、水分利用率、土壤养分含量以及产量的影响,其结果表明:1、不同水肥耦合对玉米拔节期株高、叶面积、根系、生物量的影响为水效应＞肥效应。2、不同水肥耦合条件下,玉米干物质、养分累积量随玉米生育期的延长而增加,累积趋势都呈“S”型曲线,可用指数方程y=aexp（-b/t）拟合。玉米干物质累积速率和养分累积速率可用指数方程y=aexp（-b/t）求导可得,最大累积速率出现的时间可对指数方程y=aexp（-b/t）求二阶导数。不同处理玉米干物质累积最大速率出现时间为玉米出苗后33.56d～68.06d,N累积最大速率出现时间为出苗后14.73d～64.19d,P累积最大速率出现时间为出苗后45.23d～80.64d,K累积最大速率出现时间为出苗后18.80d～53.91d。3、不同水肥耦合条件下,氮肥当季利用率在2.15%～18.25%,以处理1（W₁N₁P₁K₁）的最小,处理4（W₂N₁P₂K₃）的最大;磷肥当季利用率在1.60%～15.33%之间,其中以处理2（W₁N₂P₂K₂）的最小,处理4（W₂N₁P₂K₃）的最大;钾肥当季利用率在7.98%～79.04%之间,其中以处理8（W₃N₂P₁K₃）的最小,处理7（W₃N₁P₃K₂）的最大。4、不同水肥耦合条件下水分利用率在1.455g/kg～4.228g/kg之间,其中以处理1（W₁N₁P₁K₁）最低,处理5（W₂N₂P₃K₁）最高。水分利用率最优组合为W74.52%、N 3.18g/plot、P 1.60g/plot、K 0.71g/plot,水分利用率为6.006g/kg。5、不同水肥耦合条件下土壤全氮含量在0.139%～0.265%之间,其中以处理8（W₃N₂P₁K₃）最低,处理1（W₁N₁P₁K₁）最高。土壤碱解氮含量在154.07mg/kg～198.29mg/kg之间,其中以处理1（W₁N₁P₁K₁）最低,处理8（W₃N₂P₁K₃）最高。土壤全磷含量在1.1942g/kg～1.5968g/kg之间,其中以处理5（W₂N₂P₃K₁）最低,处理3（W₁N₃P₃K₃）最高。土壤速效磷含量在65.69mg/kg～91.71mg/kg之间,其中以处理1（W₁N₁P₁K₁）最低,处理3（W₁N₃P₃K₃）最高。土壤全钾含量在9.13g/kg～10.91g/kg之间,其中以处理1（W₁N₁P₁K₁）最低,处理4（W₂N₁P₂K₃）最高。土壤速效钾含量在211.8mg/kg～362.9mg/kg之间,其中以处理5（W₂N₂P₃K₁）最低,处理8（W₃N₂P₁K₃）最高。6、不同水肥耦合条件下产量在16.44g/plot～102.75g/plot之间,其中以处理1（W₁N₁P₁K₁）最低,处理5（W₂N₂P₃K₁）最高。产量最优组合为W 88.15%、N 2.62g/plot、P 1.60g/plot、K 1.26g/plot,产量为129.49g/plot。更多还原

【Abstract】 The effect of coupling of water and fertilizer was studied by the design of orthogonal and pot experiment.The influence of coupling effect between water and fertilizer on growth,dynamic varieties of dry matter and nutrient accumulation,fertilizer recovery rate,irrigation rate,content of soil nutrition and yield were studied in this experiment.The main results were summarized as follows:1 The results indicated that the water was a key factor on the height of maize,leaf area,roots and biological quantity during elongation stage under different water and fertilizer.2 The results under different water and fertilizer showed that the dry matter and nutrient accumulation were continuously increased with plant growth,and their accumulation in different plant-growing period was shaped in S curves that could be described by the exponential regression equations.The momentary rate of the dry matter and nutrient uptake was obtained by the regression equations for the first derivatives.At the same time,the time for the maximum absorptive rate was obtained by the regression equations for the second derivatives.The time for accumulation of maximum dry matter is 33.56d～68.06d after the maize emergence,the times for accumulation of N,P,K are 14.73 d～64.19d,45.23d～80.64d,18.80d～53.91d respectively.3 The results under different water and fertilizer showed that the N recovery rate was between 2.15%and 18.25%.Of all treatments,the N recovery rate of treatment 1 was lowest,treatment 4 was highest.The P recovery rate was between 1.60%and 15.33%.Of all treatments,the P recovery rate of treatment 2 was lowest,treatment 4 was highest.The K recovery rate was between 7.98%and 79.04%.Of all treatments,the K recovery rate of treatment 8 was lowest, treatment 7 was highest.4 The result under different water and fertilizer showed that the irrigation rate was between 1.455 g/kg and 4.228 g/kg.Of all treatments,the irrigation rate of treatment 1 was lowest,treatment 5 was highest.Factor corporation when the irrigation rate get to the maximum 6.006 g/kg was that W 74.516%,N 3.18g/plot,P 1.60 g/plot,K 0.71 g/plot.5 The results under different water and fertilizer showed that the content of soil total N was between 0.139%and 0.265%.Of all treatments,the soil total N of treatment 8 was lowest, treatment 1 was highest.The content of soil hydrolyzable N was between 154.07mg/kg and 198.29 mg/kg.Of all treatments,the soil hydrolyzable N of treatment 1 was lowest,treatment 8 was highest.The content of soil total P was between 1.1942g/kg and 1.5968 g/kg.Of all treatments,the soil total P of treatment 5 was lowest,treatment 3 was highest.The content of soil available P was between 65.69mg/kg and 91.71mg/kg.Of all treatments,the soil available P of treatment 1 was lowest,treatment 3 was highest.The content of soil total K was between 9.13g/kg and 10.91 g/kg.Of all treatments,the soil total K of treatment 1 was lowest,treatment 4 was highest.The content of soil available K was between 211.8mg/kg and 362.9mg/kg.Of all treatments,the soil available K of treatment 5 was lowest,treatment 8 was highest.6 The result under different water and fertilizer showed that the yield was between 16.44 g/plot and 102.75 g/plot.Of all treatments,the yield of treatment 1 was lowest,treatment 5 was highest. When the yield got to the maximum 129.49 g/plot,the factor corporation was that W 88.15%,N 2.62g/plot,P 1.60 g/plot,K 1.26 g/plot.更多还原