【作者】 郭彩清；

【导师】 熊源新；

【作者基本信息】 贵州大学 ， 植物学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 贵州地处云贵高原,介于东经103°36′～109°35′、北纬24°37′～29°13′之间。地势西高东低,平均海拔约1100米。92.5%的面积为山地和丘陵,喀斯特岩溶地貌发育典型;气候温暖湿润,为亚热带湿润季风气候区,气温变化小,降水多,雨季明显;土壤为亚热带常绿阔叶林红壤—黄壤地带,中部及东部黄壤为主,西南部红壤为主,西北部多为黄棕壤。贵州省独特的地理位置及气候条件孕育了丰富的苔藓植物资源及群落类型。灰藓科苔藓植物共三亚科、约60属,分布于世界各地,习见于多种基质,三亚科在我国均有代表。据陈邦杰分类系统,中国灰藓科苔藓植物分三亚科,24属115种2变种,其中,中国特有属2属(小梳藓属Microctedum、平齿藓属Leiodontium),特有种21种。通过对贵州大学植物学标本馆馆藏干标本及采自贵州省各自然保护区、各县的新鲜标本(共计1500余份,现存放于贵州大学植物学标本室GACP)的鉴定,现知贵州省境内有灰藓科苔藓植物16属82种2变种(中国特有种10种),其中贵州新纪录属2属(拟同叶藓属Isopterygiopsis、刺蒴藓属Trachythecium),新纪录种31种(1变种)。通过对贵州灰藓科苔藓植物属组成的分析,得到9个优势属构成该地区灰藓科苔藓植物主体。根据吴征镒世界植物区域化特点,贵州省灰藓科苔藓植物区系可划分为三大类12种,其中东亚成分31种,占总数的37.35%;其次为温带成分,28种,占总数的33.73%;热带成分14种,占总数的16.87%,居第三。表明贵州省灰藓科苔藓植物区系以温带、热带和东亚三大成分为主。通过对贵州省灰藓科苔藓植物属、种相似性分析,发现该省灰藓科植物与云南、四川、西藏、江西、陕西等地属、种的相似性系数均达50%以上,说明贵州与这些省份的灰藓科苔藓植物有较近的亲缘关系。通过贵州灰藓科苔藓植物区系丰富性综合系数与其它省份比较,得出我国灰藓科苔藓植物区系丰富度在各省区排列在前五位的依次是贵州、云南、四川、西藏、江西,其中贵州丰富性位于第一。更多还原

【Abstract】 Guizhou province blongs to plateau of Yunnan and Guizhou,and locates at 103°36′～109°35′E in longitude and 24°37′～29°13′in latitude.West hypsography is higher than east,The average elevation is about 1100 meters,92.5%areas is mountainous region and knap,Especially the rock dissolved hypsography is very typically;The weather is warm and moist,it’s a subtropics moist monsoon weather area,air temperature varies,small,it’s raining frequently and the raining season is obvious;the type of soil is red soil,yellow soil district of subtropics evergreen and broad-leaved forests,it’s mainly yellow soli in central and eastern distriction,and the red soil is main type of soil in southwestern district,the northwest district is mainly brown soil.It’s the special position of geography and weather condition in Guizhou conceived abundant resources of moss.the bryophytes toxonomy of Hypnaceae amounts to three subfamilies,about 60 generas, distributes many districtions in the world,it often grows on all kinds of soil,these three subfamilies all have represent species in our country,According to the taxonomic system of Chen Bang-jie, there are 115 species and 3 varities of mosses belonging to 24 genera and 3 subfamilies in China, among them,the unique generas of China are Microctedum and Leiodontium,there are 21 unique speciesof China..Taxonomic study on Hypnaceae of Guizhou has not been conducted untill the author engages in it.In total of 1500 packages of specimens have been collected there,based on these specimens, 82 species(subspecies and varities are included) of 16 genera are identified,among which,2 genera(Isopterygiopsis、Trachythecium) and 31 species are firstly reported in Guizhou province.In this paper,author describes all the new recorded generas and takes photoes of some species. Generas contained no less than 5 species are defined as predominant Genera.And there are 9 predominant Genera composes of the bryophytes of Hypnacea in Guizhou.According to "The areal-types of Chinese genera of seed plants" by Wu Zheng-yi,12 types of the bryoflora in this region are recongnized.Among them,The East Asian elements are the most important one with 31 species corresponding to 37.35%of the total,the North Temprate elements consist of 28 species corresponding to33.73%of the total.The third one is the Tropical Asian elements including 14 species sharing 16.87%of the total.As a word,the Temprate elements,the Tropical elements and the East Asian elements construct the main body of bryophytes in this region.Accoding to the analysis on genera and species relationship between the bryoflora of Guizhou and those of other provinces,the auther selected 24 provinces.to compare.The similarity coefficients of genera and species between Guizhou andYunnan,Sichuan,Tibet,Jiangxi and Shanxi are all more than 50%.The results show that the relation between the bryoflora of Guizhou and that of these provinces is the most closest.Accoding the comparation on rich correlation coefficient of Hypnaceae flora between Guizhou and other provinces,we can conclude that the rich correlation coefficient of Hypnaceae flora in country in first five province in turn is Guizhou、Yunnan、Sichuan Xizang、Jiangxi,among of them the richness of Guizhou is the first.更多还原