【作者】 王进；

【导师】 张海涛；

【作者基本信息】 华中农业大学 ， 资源环境信息工程， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 公路沿线重金属污染是近几年研究的热点之一,由于受汽车排放等因素的影响,重金属在公路灰尘、路边土壤、绿化带及周围蔬菜中累积,从而成为公路生态环境的一个潜在威胁。这类重金属物质对大气、水体、土壤造成的污染会直接或间接危害人体健康。本研究采用野外调查、室内分析,结合数理统计学、地统计学及生态学等多种方法,借助3S技术,以江汉平原后湖农场流塘分场高速公路两侧500m范围内农田为样区,系统分析了区域土壤重金属的空间分布规律,对于深入揭示变量的空间分布规律,建立样区土壤重金属预测模提供重要的依据;利用ArcGIS地统计分析能力快速获取土壤重金属空间结构、挖掘各变量之间的相关性,更详细的说明样区重金属空间变异规律。通过物元分析模型的环境评价方法和环境污染指数评价方法对样区土壤重金属污染情况进行环境评价,获得了一些有意义的成果。主要研究结果如下:(1)土壤重金属空间分布规律公路两侧农田中应用大区样套合小区样采样法获取,300m内和100m内两个采样尺度的土壤样本,测定土壤pH值、有机质、总镉、总铅、总铜、总锌含量,采用经典统计学方法分析了土壤重金属的统计特征,结果表明:样区土壤全镉、全铅、全铜、全锌元素含量都偏高,基本能确定样区土壤存在重金属污染情况;有机质含量偏低,重金属吸附能力减弱,对土壤中重金属含量有一定影响。应用地统计分析方法,探讨了各变量的空间结构特征,获取土壤各性状的空间分布规律、分布趋势和各变量之间的相关性影响。研究表明,土壤中重金属含量除总锌外都与公路的距离存在明显逐步递减趋势;各重金属元素之间都存在一定相关性,其中全铜、全镉、全铅、有机质存在强相关,全锌仅与有机质存在强相关。(2)土壤重金属污染评价根据土壤重金属空间分布规律,应用环境污染指数评价方法和物元分析模型,计算出样区土壤污染指数,确立评价标准,并以此为依据划分出研究区的相对环境污染级别。研究区相对于流塘分场其他区域的污染级别为轻度污染和中度污染两个级别,其中以中度污染区为主,占总面积的85%。说明研究区域的实际存在污染状况,但整体并未超过国家标准,要注意土壤环境质量的恶化。更多还原

【Abstract】 Interest in the levels of heavy metal Pollution associated with highway has risen in these years, Influenced by such causes as automobile exhaust gas et al. The dust, soil, vegetable and green belt on the roadside have accumulated a large amount of heavy metals,and become a potential danger. The pollution that heavy metals make to the atmosphere, water and soil will bring direct or indircet threat to human heath. This artiele takes the study to heavy metal pollution in the corse of highway construction and operation in order to put forward some advices and to control the pollution, which has significantly realistic and scientific meaning.In this paper, field investigation, indoor analysis, mathematical statistics, geostatistics, ecology and 3S technology has been used. The sampling area is the highways within 500m, where located in Liutang Branch of Houhu Farm in Jianghan Plain. Analysis of the spatial distribution of heavy metals provides an important basis for revealing the spatial distribution of variables and the establishment of forecast of heavy metals in soil sampling area. At the same time, the prediction model of heavy metals in soil has been researched and established, the model can quickly access soil properties of the heavy metals, mine all the correlation between variables, the spatial variation of the heavy metals can be explanted in details. Through these models and evaluation methods, there is an environmental assessment on heavy metals pollution in soil, and some meaningful results could be get. Key findings are as follows:(1) Spatial distribution of heavy metals in soilThe farmland on both sides of Highway should obtain using Regional kind of community-sets,300 m and 100 m in the two-scale sampling of soil samples, determining soil pH, organic matter, the cadmium, lead total, total copper, zinc content of the total, Using classical statistical method of heavy metals in soil characteristics of the statistical. Results showed that: the whole sample is high in soil cadmium, the entire copper, the entire contents of the zinc Elements, the basic soil samples to determine presence of heavy metal contamination; partial content of organic matter Low, heavy metal absorption capacity weakened, the content of heavy metals in the soil have a certain impact. Application of the statistical methods, all of the variables of the structure of space, access to soil the character of the spatial distribution, trends and the distribution of the correlation between variables influence. Research shows that heavy metals in soil in addition to the highway but zinc, have marked the distance gradually decreasing trend .The heavy metal elements exist certain relevance, including the all-copper, cadmium-wide, all lead, strong presence of organic matter, the whole Zinc related only with the strong presence of organic matter.(2) Evaluation of heavy metal contamination of soilAccording to spatial distribution of heavy metals in the soil, Integration of environmental pollution、matter-element model index evaluation methods, calculated plots of soil pollution index, and on this basis divided environmental pollution levels of this area. It is divided to moderate pollution and light pollution, mainly to moderately polluted area, accounting for 85 percent of the total area. Comparison of the level map measured data and level map of heavy metal pollution prediction model of environmental pollution data, the latter better able to explain the study area of the actual situation of pollution.更多还原