【作者】 王燕；

【导师】 张金中；

【作者基本信息】 中国石油大学 ， 安全技术及工程， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 本文将过程-知识管理引入钻井作业的风险评价，旨在提高钻井作业的风险管理水平，避免事故的发生。论文重点讨论了钻井作业各工艺阶段主要是起下钻的危险有害因素辨识与控制、适当风险评价模型的建立及应用、综合数据库的建立及基于过程-知识管理的风险评价软件系统的设计与实现。首先介绍了本评价系统建立的意义和背景，并对安全评价、油气钻井工程、知识管理系统的研究与发展情况进行了概述；然后对钻井作业过程及可能发生的事故进行了细致的分析，通过关联图分析法对作业过程进行了危险有害因素识别和事故识别。基于对安全评价方法的研究，确定出钻井作业系统适用的几种评价方法并进行了详细分析。通过调研，找出起下钻事故发生的主要原因及故障特征，编制相应具体的风险评价系统软件。整套钻井作业风险评价系统由钻井过程的钻前准备、钻进、起下钻等各作业过程的子评价系统及综合信息库组成。采用产生式规则进行知识表达的方法、引入了精确推理方法，通过各种评价方法的应用，将现有的经验知识转化为系统知识库中的知识，并采用顺序推理机制，根据用户输入的初始信息，利用知识库中的知识，推理出合理的结果。本软件用Visual Basic实现了系统主要功能；最后，给出了对系统的客观、全面的评价。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper aims at raising the level of risk management to avoid accidents through introducing the process-knowledge management(P-KM) into evaluation of the risk of drilling operations. Paper discusses on the identification and control of the drilling operation harmful factors mainly on the stage of tripping operation、the establishment and the application of proper risk assessment model、the establishment of the comprehensive database and the design and implementation of the risk assessment software system based on the P-KM. First the meaning and background of the assessment system is introduced, the research and development of safety assessment、oil and gas drilling project and knowledge management system being outlined and then the process of drilling operations and possible incidents are analyzed in detailed and the existing risk factors、hazardous and accidents are identified through the associating chart analysis. Several evaluation methods applicable to the drilling operating system has been determined and applied in details based on the study of the safety evaluation methods. Through research, the main reasons for the accidents and failure characteristics of the tripping are identified and the corresponding concrete risk assessment system software has been prepared. The whole drilling risk assessment system is made up of the evaluation system of the process of preparation before drilling、drilling、tripping and so on and integrated database component. With the expression of knowledge by production rules and the introduction of a precise method of reasoning, through the application of a variety of evaluation methods, the existing empirical knowledge is exchanged into a systematic knowledge in the knowledge base. After a sequential reasoning mechanism, the initial information which users input and the usage of knowledge in the knowledge base, reasonable results are reasoned. The main system functions of this software are realized with Visual Basic. Finally, objective, comprehensive evaluations to the system are given.更多还原