【作者】 刘庆；

【导师】 齐明侠；

【作者基本信息】 中国石油大学 ， 机械电子工程， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 通过调研,掌握了国内外石油钻机的发展现状与趋势,对现有的在用交流变频电驱动钻机进行了分析,了解了其优缺点,为进行电驱动钻机的深入分析奠定了基础。为深入研究交流变频电驱动钻机起升系统的动态特性,本文结合钻井工艺及电驱动钻机的工作过程,对交流变频电驱动钻机起升系统的运动学和动力学进行了理论分析。建立了考虑钢丝绳和井架弹性的起升系统力学模型,即三质量、两自由度的振动系统,推导出了交流变频电驱动钻机起升系统的运动微分方程组。首先在不考虑钻柱与井壁摩擦阻力情况下,对该微分方程组进行了理论求解,得到了起升系统的振动频率、系统的响应和大钩的动载系数,并分析了大钩位移波动和加速度波动特性。然后结合实际的钻具组合和JC30DB-WZ型交流变频电驱动绞车的工作特性,在考虑钻柱与井壁之间摩擦阻力的情况下,得到了微分方程初值问题的数值解,并对求解结果进行了详细分析,得到了考虑摩擦阻力情况下的动载系数。分别对初速度为零和初速度不为零两种工况进行了讨论,为提高绞车控制精度提供了依据。为进一步深入研究钻柱与井壁摩擦阻力对起升系统的影响,在同时考虑电机特性和摩擦阻力的情况下,本文采用了ADAMS仿真软件,对JC30DB-WZ型交流变频电驱动单轴绞车起升系统进行了仿真计算与分析。结果表明:交流变频电驱动钻机在起升过程中存在动载,动载系数会随着起升条件的改变而改变;由于钻柱是直接下放到井底的,在起升过程中,钻柱与井壁之间会产生摩擦,这就使得起升过程的平稳性变差;当考虑钻柱与井壁摩擦产生随机载荷后,加剧了起升过程的不平稳性,使得大钩动载荷增加,滚筒与大钩速度呈现出明显的不均匀性。更多还原

【Abstract】 The development status and trend of oil rig and electrically-driven drawworks home and abroad were mastered through research. Structural analysis was carried out on electrically-driven drawworks at work, and their advantages and disadvantages were found out in order to go deep into the design of new electrically-driven drawworks for rig.In order to deeply study the dynamic characteristics of the hoisting system of the rig, combining the well drilling technology and working process of rig, the kinematics and dynamics are analysed in theory in this paper. A mechanics model of the hoisting system that has considered the elasticity of the wire rope and derrick is made. It is a vibration system with three quality and two degrees of freedom, and the movement differential equiations of the hoisting system has been made a deduction.In the first instance, these differential equations are solved in theory in the condition of without regard for the frictional resistance between the drill string and wall of a well, we get the vibration frequency, response of the hoisting system, along with the dynamic load coefficient of the hook, we also analysed the characteristics of the fluctuation for the displacement and acceleration of the hook. And then we get the numerical solution for the initial value problem of the differential equation, combining with the actual drilling tool combination and the working characteristics of the JC30DB-WZ AC conversion electric driven drawwork in the condition of taking the frictional resistance between the drill string and wall of a well into account. We also fully analyse the results and get the dynamic load coefficient in the condition of there is frictional resistance. We separately discuss the operating conditions with the initial velocity is zero and it is not zero, which provide a good basis for the improvement of the control accuracy for the drawworks. In order to furtherly study the influence to the hoisting system caused by the frictional resistance between drill string and wall of a well, the simulation software of ADAMS is adopted in this paper in the condition that the characteristic of electric motor and the frictional resistance is taken into account at the same time to carry out the caculation and analysis to the JC30DB-WZ AC conversion electric driven drawworks hoisting system. We can see from the results: Results show: dynamic force exits during lifting; the dynamic force coefficient changes when lifting conditions change; the stability becomes worse during lifting because of the friction between drill string and wall of a well; after considering the random load and the instability during the lifting is increased, such increasing the load of the hook and unbalancing the velocity of roller and hook.更多还原