【作者】 马文生；

【导师】 任学平；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古科技大学 ， 机械电子工程， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 齿轮和轴承是机械设备中最常见的零部件,它的运行状态直接影响到整台设备的功能。本文总结分析了齿轮和轴承典型的故障机理及其振动特征,详细介绍了齿轮和轴承振动信号分析与故障诊断方法,并应用了一种小波包降噪后振动信号处理的新方法。齿轮和轴承出现故障时的振动信号是非平稳信号,用常规傅立叶分析方法达不到良好的效果。小波分析方法可以同时从时域和频域两个方面对信号进行分析,十分适合齿轮和轴承的故障诊断。本文以减速机(齿轮箱)、滑动轴承和汽车发动机为主要实验研究对象,通过小波理论的研究,应用小波包络谱分析对减速机故障诊断进行研究;通过小波包理论的研究,应用小波包能量监测对减速机故障诊断进行研究;通过小波包降噪理论的研究,应用小波包变换分别对减速机、滑动轴承和汽车发动机进行降噪方法研究;通过对MATLAB小波工具箱软件的学习,实现了小波分析方法和小波降噪方法的计算机仿真研究。本文同时应用了一种小波包降噪后的残差信号的频谱分析和统计分析方法,该方法首先对原始振动信号进行小波包降噪,然后根据降噪后的振动信号和原始振动相比的差值提取残差信号,最后通过对残差信号进行频谱分析提取产生噪声信号的特征频率,通过对残差信号的统计量分析判断设备运行状况。更多还原

【Abstract】 Gearbox and bearing are the most familiar components of the equipments. Its running states will affect the whole machine’s function. The fault principle and the fault vibration property were analyzed in this paper. The means of vibration signal analysis and fault diagnosis of the gearbox were also introduced, and a new signal analysis method is proposed after wavelet packet de-noising.Excellent effects can not be got by using regular Fourier analyzing the non-stationary vibration signals produced by the fault gearbox. The wavelet analysis method, which can analyze the signals both in time and frequency domains, very suitable for the fault diagnosis of the gearbox.The paper takes gearbox, sliding bearing and automobile engine as research object. Reducer fault diagnosis base on wavelet envelope spectrum analysis is proposed by wavelet theory study; Reducer fault diagnosis base on wavelet packet energy monitoring is proposed by wavelet packet study; Gearbox, sliding bearing and automobile engine de-noising method base on wavelet packet transform are proposed by wavelet packet transform study; Wavelet analysis method and wavelet packet de-noising method are simulated by matlab wavelet toolbox study.A residual signal spectrum analysis and statistics analysis method is proposed after wavelet packet de-noising. Firstly, decompose the original vibration signal by wavelet packet theory, and extract the residual signal between the de-noising vibration signal and the original vibration signal. Finally, extract the trait frequency of fault signal by residual signal spectrum analyze,judge the machine run state by residual signal statistics analysis.更多还原