【作者】 张毅；

【导师】 袁继超； 杨世民；

【作者基本信息】 四川农业大学 ， 植物营养学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以四川汶川县水磨镇苓种为供试材料,通过在都江堰进行的田间试验和在雅安市进行的盆栽试验,研究了硝态氮、铵态氮、酰铵态氮及不同硝态氮与铵态氮配比对川芎生长发育、干物质积累、NR酶活性、各器官中NPK含量、根茎中铁、锌、铜、锰、镉、镁、钙含量以及根茎的产量和品质的影响,结果表明:1.不同氮素形态及硝态氮与铵态氮配比对川芎的株高、茎数和根长有一定影响,表现出显著的促进作用。在7种处理中,单株茎数和根长以处理N6(50%硝酸钙:50%碳酸铵)最高,株高则以N4(25%硝酸钙:75%碳酸铵)和N5(75%硝酸钙:25%碳酸铵)的最高,其次为N3(单施尿素)和N6。这是氮肥影响川芎产量和品质的生育基础。2.氮肥可在一定程度上提高川芎的叶绿素含量、NR活性和POD活性及MDA含量,叶绿素含量硝态氮与铵态氮配施大于硝态氮、铵态氮和酰氨态氮单施,NR活性以N6处理最高。这是氮肥影响川芎产量和品质的生理基础。3.氮肥可显著提高川芎各器官的含氮率,其中地下部分的提高幅度大于地上部分,硝态氮与铵态氮配施的提高幅度大于硝态氮、铵态氮和酰氨态氮单施;合理施用氮肥还可以提高川芎各器官的全钾和全磷含量。这是氮肥影响川芎产量和品质的营养基础。4.氮肥可显著提高川芎的干物质积累,特别是地下部分,因而显著提高根冠比,干物质积累量和根冠比硝态氮与铵态氮配施大于硝态氮、铵态氮和酰氨态氮单施。这是氮肥影响川芎产量和品质的物质基础。5.不同氮素形态和配比对川芎根茎中部分中微量元素的含量也有一定影响,其中碳酸铵(N2)、尿素(N3)和硝酸钙(N1)单施可显著提高铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙、镉含量;硝态氮与铵态氮配施降低了铜含量,提高了铁、锰、镁、钙、镉含量。6.氮肥可显著提高川芎的产量,在6种氮肥处理中,产量以N6处理最高,分别比对照增产27.29%,其次为N5(75%硝酸钙:25%碳酸铵)和N4(25%硝酸钙:75%碳酸铵)处理,分别比对照增产22%和20.76%。7.不同氮素形态和配比对川芎的品质也有一定影响。总阿魏酸含量以N4处理最高,其次为N5、N6和N3;总生物碱含量以N3和N5最高,其次为N2、N1和N6。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the seed of Shuimo town of Wenchuan County of Sichuan as the material,a field experiment in Dujiangyan and a pot experiment in Ya’ an were conducted to study the effect of different nitrogen forms and ratioes on growth,dry mass allocation,nitrate reductase,the content of NPK in different position,yield,quality and the underground stem of Fe,Zn,Cu,Mn,Cd,Mg and Ca content.The results showed the following aspects:1.The plant height,stem number and root length were effected by different Nitrogen forms and ratioes to some extent.Compared with other treatments,The treatment N6（50% NO₃^--N+50%NH₄^--N） was better in promoting root and increasing the stem number than other treatments,the best effect of promoting plant height was treatment N4 and N5, secondly was N3和N6.This was the breed base of yield and quality of Ligusticum chuanxiong which was effected by nitrogenous fertilizer.2.The content of chlorophyll,nitrate reductase,Peroxidase and malondialdehyde were increased to some extent by using the nitrogenous fertilizer,the Chlorophyll content of the mix of NO₃^--N and NH₄^--N was higher than other treatments which was the single application of NO₃^--N,NO₃^--N or amide nitrogen.In addition,the highest content of nitrate reductase was treatment N6.This was the physiology base of yield and quality of Ligusticum chuanxiong which was effected by nitrogenous fertilizer.3.The nitrogen concentration was increased significantly by nitrogenous fertilizer, the underground part was increased faster than the ground part,the nitrogen concentration of the mix of NO₃^--N and NH₄^--N was higher than other treatments which was the single application of NO₃^--N,NO₃^--N or amide nitrogen,in addition,the content of the whole potassium and phosphonium can be increased by the proper application of nitrogenous fertilizer.This was the nutrient base of yield and quality of Ligusticum chuanxiong which was effected by nitrogenous fertilizer.4.The dry mass allocation especially the underground part was increased significantly by nitrogen fertilizers,so the ratio of root-shoot was also improved.The dry mass allocation and the ratio of root-shoot of the mix of NO₃^--N and NH₄^--N was higher than other treatments which was the single application of NO₃^--N,NO₃^--N or amide nitrogen.This was the mass base of yield and quality of Ligusticum chuanxiong which was effected by nitrogen fertilizers5.The content of the mineral elements of the rhizome of Ligusticum chuanxiong was effected by different Nitrogen forms and ratioes,the content of Fe,Zn,Cu,Mn,Mg,Ca, and Cd were increased significantly by treatment N2,N3 and N1,the content of Cu was declined and the content of Fe,Mn,Mg,Ca,Cd were increased by the application of the mix of NO₃^--N and NH₄^--N.6.The yield was increased significantly by nitrogenous fertilizer.The yield of treatment N6（50%NO₃^--N+50%NH₄^--N） was the maximal in all treatments,which was increased 27.29%than treatment CK.secondly,the yield of treatment N5 （75%NO₃-N+25%NH₄-N） and N4（25%NO₃-N+75%NH₄-N） was also respectively increased 22%and 20.76 than treatment CK.7.The quality was also effected by different nitrogen forms and ratioes to some extent.The highest content of Total ferulic acid was treatment N4,secondly was N5,N6 and N3.The highest content of Total alkaloid was treatment N3 and N5,secondly was N2, N1 and N6更多还原