【作者】 童平；

【导师】 马均；

【作者基本信息】 四川农业大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 以水稻中、大苗为研究对象,从育秧技术,栽培密度和肥料运筹等方面入手,对水稻个体与群体建成的动态变化规律,库、源、流特征以及产量形成特性进行研究,结果表明:1.秧苗素质除受育秧方式影响外,播种量或寄插规格对其影响也较大。育秧方式以两段育秧优于旱育秧优于地膜育秧,但由于旱育秧苗发根分蘖潜力大,整体素质优,且操作方便,省工省地,所以本试验确立的育秧方式为旱育秧。秧苗素质随播种量减少或寄插规格增大而提高。在三种育秧方式下,中苗的优选技术分别是:旱育秧和地膜育秧播种量为20 g/m~2,两段育秧寄插规格为4.5×4.5 cm;大苗的优选技术分别是:旱育秧和地膜育秧播种量为10 g/m~2,两段育秧寄插规格为6.3×6.3 cm。2.在强化栽培条件下,通过密度的调整可以使不同移栽秧龄的水稻获得高产。当移栽中苗,规格为30×30 cm或40×40 cm时,可获得较强的个体和合理的群体结构,有效穗、每穗实粒数、千粒重、结实率、LAI、上3叶衰减百分率、SPAD值和伤流量等指标综合效应较大,产量均极显著高于50×50 cm的处理,此二者之间差异不显著。因此,中苗的移栽规格确定为30×30 cm或40×40 cm,产量分别为9 920 kg/hm~2和9 635 kg/hm~2。当移栽大苗,规格为30×30 cm时,可获得较强的个体和合理的群体结构,有效穗、每穗实粒数、千粒重、结实率、LAI、上3叶衰减百分率、SPAD值和伤流量等指标综合效应优于40×40 cm和50×50 cm的处理,产量显著或极显著高于此二者,因此,大苗的移栽规格确定为30×30 cm,产量为9 151 kg/hm~2。3.肥料的施用主要是通过影响有效穗数,每穗实粒数,千粒重和结实率等来影响水稻产量。本研究的结果显示在总施肥量相同的情况下,产量和上3叶占总叶面积的百分率随着施肥次数的增多而升高,上3叶衰减百分率则与之相反。产量和有效穗随底肥比例减小和蘖肥比例增大而下降,每穗实粒数、千粒重和结实率却与之相反。底肥比例过大,分蘖发生早,最高分蘖和无效分蘖多,SPAD值和伤流强度小,早衰现象严重。当底肥:蘖肥=7:3时最有利于形成有效分蘖,干物质积累总量大,但后期稳不住,亦难形成高产。按底肥:蘖肥:穗肥=5:3:2运筹能形成较高产量,但仍不如以底肥:蘖肥:穗肥:粒肥=5:3:1:1运筹方式的产量理想,因为施穗粒肥比只施穗肥更有利于提高每穗实粒数、千粒重和结实率。因此,本试验最好的肥料运筹方式是底肥:蘖肥:穗肥:粒肥=5:3:1:1,产量可达10 094 kg/hm~2。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the medium and big seedlings of rice as material,from the aspects of raising seedlings,density treatments and fertilizer application,the rule of dynamic changes of unit and colony foundation,the characteristics of source,sink,stream and grain yield were studied.The results showed as follows:1.Rice seedling quality was effected by raising ways,seeding quantity and transplantation specification.The best raising way was two-segment raising,as the follow was drought raising,and the last was film raising.But drought raising had the characteristics of great potential in root and tiller,fine comprehensive quality,easy operation,saving labour and land.So the optimum raising way was drought raising by this experiment.While seeding quantity decreased and transplantation specification increased,rice seedling quality improved.The optimum technique to raising medium seedling as follow:the seeding quantity was 20 g/m~2 under drought raising and film raising,the transplantation specification was 4.5 multiply 4.5 cm under two-segment raising.The optimum technique to raising big seedling as follow:the seeding quantity was 10 g/m~2 under drought raising and film raising,the transplantation specification was 6.3 multiply 6.3 cm under two-segment raising.2.High yield of transplantation treatments of different seedling age could get through adjusting the density under SRI.While transplanting medium seedling,and when the transplantation specification was 30 multiply 30 cm or 40 multiply 40 cm,it could got strong individual and reasonable structure of populations.And the comprehensive effect of indexes in effective panicle,filled grain per panicle, 1000-grain weight,seed setting rate,leaf area index,attenuation ratio of top three leaves,SPAD value and stem bleed were greater.Their yield was extremely significantly higher than the treatment of transplantation specification was 50 multiply 50 cm,but there was no significant difference among them.So the medium seedling’s transplantation specification was 30 multiply 30 cm or 40 multiply 40 cm,and the yield was 9 920 kg/hm~2 and 9 635 kg/hm~2.While transplanting big seedling,and when the transplantation specification was 30 multiply 30 cm,it could get strong individual and reasonable structure of populations.And the comprehensive effect of indexes in effective panicle,filled grain per panicle,1000-grain weight,seed setting rate,leaf area index,attenuation ratio of top three leaves,SPAD value and stem bleed were better than the treatment of 40 multiply 40 cm or 50 multiply 50 cm.Yield was significantly or extremely significantly higher than them.So the big seedling’s transplantation specification was 30 multiply 30 cm,and the yield was 9 151 kg/hm~2.3.Yield was affected by effective panicle,filled grain per panicle,1000-grain weight,seed setting rate under fertilizer application.The results showed that yield and the percentage of top three leaves’ area in total increased while added the fertilizer application frequency,on the contrary,the attenuation ratio of top three leaves decreased.Yield and effective panicle decreased with reducing the proportion of base fertilizer,on the contrary,filled grain per panicle,1000-grain weight and seed setting rate increased.It was indicated that tillers occurred early,maximum tiller and ineffective tiller increased,SPAD value and bleeding strength decreased,phenomenon of premature senility was serious when the proportion of base fertilizer was too large. Applying the base fertilizer and tillering fertilizer as 7:3,it was benefited to create effective tiller,increase total accumulation of dry matter,but it was difficultly to stable at later.So it was hardly to create high yield.Appling the base fertilizer, tillering fertilizer and panicle fertilizer as 5:3:2,it was benefited to create relatively high yield,but it was not as ideal as appling base fertilizer,tillering fertilizer,panicle fertilizer and spikelet fertilizer as 5:3:1:1.Becuse panicle-spikelet fertilizer was more benefited to increase filled grain per panicle,1000-grain weight,seed setting rate than only panicle fertilizer.In this paper,appling base fertilizer,tillering fertilizer,panicle fertilizer and spikelet fertilizer as 5:3:1:1 was the best fertilizer application mode,and the yield could upto 10 094 kg/hm~2.更多还原