氧化型染发剂的污染生态效应及机理研究

【作者】 张宁；

【导师】 周启星；

【作者基本信息】 南开大学 ， 环境科学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 本文在实验室模拟条件下,通过氧化型染发剂对小麦种子发芽及根伸长的毒性试验、对大型蚤的急性毒性试验及对沙蚕的急性毒性试验和乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性测定的机理探究试验,结果表明:（1）小麦种子发芽过程中,根长和芽长对氧化型染发剂胁迫表现得并不敏感,但抑制率与浓度对数呈显著正相关（R2root=0.94.R2shoot=0.97）.小麦的根长和芽长在氧化型染发剂胁迫下的IC50分别为20.5g·L^-1和29.1g·L^-1。当处理组浓度处于低水平时,对小麦种子的根长产生了微弱的毒物兴奋效应,处理组浓度为10mg·L^-1和100mg·L^-1时,小麦种子根长分别为空白组的103.7%和102.4%.（2）在氧化型染发剂对大型蚤的急性毒性试验中,暴露24h的LC50和EC50分别为177.0mg·L^-1和129.5mg·L^-1;暴露48h的LC50和EC50分别为132.0mg·L^-1和120.0mg·L^-1。24h和48h内不同浓度氧化型染发剂胁迫下大型蚤的死亡率和抑制率趋势线呈“S”型增长,且均与浓度对数呈良好的一元线性关系（死亡率: R224h=0.97,R248h=0.99, p<0.05;抑制率:R224h=0.97, R248h=0.98, p<0.05）。（3）在氧化型染发剂对双齿围沙蚕的急性毒性和酶活性测定试验中,暴露3d后氧化型染发剂对沙蚕的半数致死浓度LC50为1849.6mg·L^-1;暴露3d后沙蚕体内AChE和SOD活性受到氧化型染发剂暴露浓度的显著影响,且随暴露浓度的升高(0³20mg·L^-1),AChE和SOD活性均呈先被诱导后下降的变化趋势;沙蚕体内AChE和SOD活性也受到暴露时间的显著影响:40mg·L^-1浓度下,随暴露时间的延长（0¹0d）,SOD活性呈先下降又缓慢上升的趋势,而AChE活性变化没有显著规律;通过比较发现,相对于AChE,SOD的活性变化更能反映氧化型染发剂对沙蚕的毒性作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Under the condition of laboratory simulation,the toxic effects of oxidation hair dyes were examined by toxicity experiment on the inhibition of wheat seed germination and root elongation, acute toxicity experiment on daphnia magna and acute toxicity experiment on Perinereis aibuhiteusis Grube and on its acetylcholinesterase （AChE） and superoxide dismutase （SOD）. The results indicate that:（1） Root length and shoot length were not sensitive under oxidation hair dyes stress, but inhibition rates were significantly related with the dose of oxidation hair dyes （R2root=0.94.R2shoot=0.97）. IC50 （inhibition concentration） of root length and shoot length under oxidation hair dyes stress were 20.5g·L^-1 and 29.1g·L^-1.When the seeds of wheat were exposed under low level dose of oxidation hair dyes, they represented low hormesis. The root lengths were increased by 103.7% and 102.4% in the treatments of 10mg·L^-1 and 100mg·L^-1.（2） In the daphnia magna acute toxicity experiment of oxidation hair dyes. The LC50 and EC50 were 177. mg·L^-1 and 129.5mg·L^-1 in the treatments for 24 hours, while were 132.0mg·L^-1 and 120.0mg·L^-1 in the treatments for 48 hours. The trendlines of mortality rates and immobilization rates represented“S”type increase, and the mortality rates and immobilization rates were related with logarithm of concentrations （mortality rates: R224h=0.97, R248h=0.99, p<0.05; immobilization rates: R224h=0.97, R248h=0.98, p<0.05）.（3） In the Perinereis aibuhiteusis Grube acute toxicity experiment of oxidation hair dyes, the value of LC50 was 1849.6 mg·L^-1 after a 3-day exposure to oxidation hair dyes; the activity of AChE and SOD was influenced significantly with the increase of exposure concentration after a 3-day exposure to oxidation hair dyes, and the activity of both AChE and SOD was enhanced at first and then inhibited with the increase of exposure concentration (0³20mg·L^-1); the activity of AChE and SOD was influenced significantly with the increase of exposure time at a exposure concentration of 40mg·L^-1, the activity of SOD showed a tendency of inhibition at first and gradual inducement then, and the activity of AChE changed irregularly; the changes in the activity of SOD can better reflect toxic effects of oxidation hair dyes on Perinereis aibuhiteusis Grube.更多还原