【作者】 陈平；

【导师】 孟维晓；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 信息与通信工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 卫星导航系统的基本作用是向各类用户和运动平台实时提供准确、连续的位置、速度和时间信息,卫星导航定位技术目前已基本取代了无线电导航、天文测量、传统大地测量技术,并推动了导航定位技术的不断发展,成为人类活动中普遍采用的导航定位技术,是直接关系到国家安全和经济发展的关键性技术支撑系统,在国民经济建设中占有重要的位置。而我们目前所普便应用的导航系统为美国的GPS,俄罗斯的GLONASS以及预计于2008年全面投入使用的欧洲Galileo系统,所以目前建立适合我国国情的自主的卫星导航系统具有重要的意义,相应的观测点位置解算也一直是导航定位的重要研究领域。本文首先介绍了全球卫星导航系统的组成及发展现状,总结了国内外对导航信息解算技术的研究情况,在研究了导航信息解算基本理论的基础上,主要对单点绝对定位的解算方法进行了研究,设计了用于软件接收机的信息处理模块的整体方案及流程,给出了各主要部分的算法模型及误差分析方法,最后针对实际需要对基于最小二乘迭代的解算方法进行了C语言实现。本文仿真及实现工作主要分三个部分,首先应用GPS卫星的广播星历对卫星瞬时位置速度进行计算并用C语言实现,然后在已知卫星位置坐标和伪距的情况下对于分别用4、5、6、7颗卫星进行定位解算的算法进行了C语言实现,并对定位结果的误差和精度因子进行了分析比较,同时验证了用户概略坐标的计算能够大大减少解算的运算量,最后利用NIMA(National Imagery and Mapping Agency国家图像和地图局)的观测数据中的广播星历和对应的观测值进行了整个定位解算在非实时条件下的C语言实现,给出一小时计算结果的统计值并进行了误差分析和比较说明,实现结果表明各部分均能实现所需完成的功能,最终的定位精度能够满足一般导航定位的要求。更多还原

【Abstract】 Satellite navigation system aims to provide accurate and continuous information about location, speed and time for various kinds of users and motion platforms. Satellite navigation technique has taken place of radio navigation, astronomical survey and traditional geodetic survey technique. It has contributes a lot to the development of navigation positioning technique and become the widespread adopted technique for navigation positioning, which is the key technical supporting system for the national safety and economical development. The GPS of the United States, the GLONASS of Russia and the Galileo system of Europe which is expected to be brought to use are the navigation systems that we currently use. Therefore, it is very important and necessary to built independent satellite navigation system based on our national conditions. Accordingly, the observation location solution is an important research area for navigation positioning.Firstly, this paper introduces the structure of global satellite navigation system and its development, and summarizes the researches on navigation information solution technique in home and abroad. After the analysis of the basic principles of navigation information solution technique, we focus on the solution for single point absolute positioning. The over design and process of information processing module for software receiver is proposed, and the algorithm modules and error analyzing method of each main part are shown. Finally, according to the actual demand, the solution method based on iterative method of least square method is realized with C language.The simulation and realization are divided into three parts. First, computing the instantaneous location and speed of satellite with the broadcasting ephemeris of GPS satellite and realizing it with C language. Then realizing the positioning solution algorithm with four, five, six and seven satellites separately under the knowledge of the position coordinates and pseudo-range of satellites with C language. The comparison between positioning result error and precision factor is made. Finally, the broadcasting ephemeris and corresponding observation data from NIMA are used to realize the positioning solution algorithm under stationary data with C language. The error analysis of the statistic values of the computation result after one hour is performed and demonstrated. Platform. Realization results show that each part can accomplish its function and the final precision can satisfy the requirement of navigation positioning.更多还原