【作者】 张艳丽；

【导师】 汪全胜；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 法学理论， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 长期以来,我国立法机关重视法律法规的制定,但对法律法规出台后的实效问题关注不够,对法律法规是否达到立法的预期,缺乏足够的了解。随着法律法规的不断增多,新旧法律文件之间、不同部门制定的法律文件之间,经常出现摩擦和冲突。这些相互矛盾的法律文件给现实生活带来了很多困扰,降低了法律的权威。立法后评估制度在此时应运而生,成为了提高立法质量,构建和谐社会主义法律体系的重要手段。但是遗憾的是,我国目前对法律法规进行系统的立法后评估至今还是一个法律空白,《立法法》并没有相应的规定,致使各地在评估内容、方法、程序等问题上存在巨大的差异,有损于评估报告的科学性和权威性。如何更好地完善立法后评估制度成为一个亟待解决的问题。在有关立法后评估制度的法律法规尚不完善,理论界也尚未形成成熟的研究体系的情况下,本文从程序设计的角度,以研究立法后评估程序的性质、存在的价值以及设计程序时必须遵守的原则等基本问题为起点,重点论述了立法后评估的启动和准备、评估方案的实施和评估报告的回应等三个评估环节。立法后评估的启动和准备是评估程序的源头,是评估方案实施的基础。评估对象和主体的选择、评估程序的启动时间和评估方案的确定共同构成了评估程序的源头;同时强调评估方案的设计一定要体现评估目的、评估内容、评估方法、评估标准这四个基本要素。其中,评估目的是评估的出发点和落脚点,评估内容是评估的客体,评估标准是评估的准则,评估方法是评估赖以实现的手段。评估方案的实施是评估程序的本体,是评估程序的核心环节,其实质是收集信息、处理信息。信息收集时要采取适当的方法、建立信息系统,在信息整理和分析的基础上形成评估结论、撰写评估报告并将其公布。在评估方案的实施过程中应始终坚持信息完整性、客观性、一致性的原则。评估报告的回应代表着评估程序的终结,其最重要的作用是为立法的进一步完善提供依据。评估委员会的同级立法机关应加强对评估报告的回应,根据评估报告及时修改、废止、制定新的法律法规。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ever since a long time ago, our country legislature attaches importance to legal laws and regulations formulation, but pays attention insufficiently to the performance question after legal laws and regulations appearing, and lacks the enough understanding on whether the legal laws and regulations achieve the anticipation of legislation. Along with the legal laws and regulations increasing unceasingly, between new and old legal documents, between the legal documents formulated by different departments, the friction and the conflict appears frequently. These contradictory legal documents brought many puzzles for the real life and reduced the legal authority. The system of legal performance evaluation arose at the historic moment in this time, and has become the important method of enhancing legislation quality and constructing the harmonious socialism legal framework. But it is a pity, systematically carrying legal performance evaluation on the legal laws and regulations until now is a legal blank in our country at present, Legislation Law has not corresponding stipulation. This causes that each place in questions for instance evaluation content, method, procedure and so on has huge difference, and this harms the scientific nature and the authority of evaluation report. How to consummate the system of legal performance evaluation preferably becomes a problem urgently solved.In the situation that the legal laws and regulations about legal performance evaluation still were imperfect and theorists were not yet formed the mature research system, from the angle of the design of the procedure and in the beginning of studying the basic questions for instance the nature of the legal performance evaluation , valuation as well basic principles which must be observed when designing procedure and so on, this paper elaborated three main evaluation links including the start and the preparation of legal performance evaluation, the implementation of evaluation plan, the response of the evaluation report with emphasis. Start and the preparation of legal performance evaluation are the source of the evaluation procedure and the foundation of the implementation of evaluation plan. The choice of evaluation object and subject, the start time of evaluation procedure, the determination of evaluation plan constituted the source of the evaluation procedure together, simultaneously this paper emphasized that the design of the evaluation plan must certainly manifest the evaluation goal, the evaluation content, the evaluation method, and the evaluation standard these four basic essential factors. In which, the evaluation goal is the starting point and the foothold of the evaluation, the evaluation content is the evaluation object, the evaluation standard is the criterion of the evaluation, the evaluation method is a tool which the realization of the evaluation depends on.The implementation of evaluation plan is the main body of the evaluation procedure and the core link of the evaluation procedure. Its essence is collecting the information and the processing information. Collecting information must adopt the suitable method and establish information system, formation of the evaluation conclusion and composition of the evaluation report and its announcement is on the basic of information reorganization and analysis. During the implementation of the plan, the integrity, the objectivity, the uniform principles of the information must be persisted.The response of the evaluation report is representing the end of evaluation procedure, its most vital function is that provides the basis for further consummation of the legislation. The legislature which is in the same level with evaluation committee must be supposed to strengthen to the response of the evaluation report and according to the evaluation report promptly revise, abolish, formulate the new legal laws and regulations.更多还原