【作者】 陈磊；

【导师】 王铁成；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 结构工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 据世界水工资料统计,在遭到破坏的水工工程中,40%以上是由渗流所造成的。我国在20世纪50~90年代,在大坝失事事故中,土石坝所占比例高达70.5%,而且渗透破坏占到31.7%,裂缝渗透破坏占到25.3%,二者之和为57%,且由于这些水利工程大都是在技术、经济、设备等极其匮乏的条件下修建的,经过多年的运行,许多堤坝出现种种问题成为病险水库,给国家的经济、财产造成巨大的浪费和损失。由于大中城市一般座落于水库下游地区,人口密度大,经济发达,垮坝洪水会造成难于预计的灾难。由此可见渗流控制问题在土石坝来说就显得尤为重要。本文通过模型试验研究堤坝防渗加固和地震液化问题。其中防渗加固问题主要研究分析了堤坝在各种工况下堤坝的抗渗能力;地震液化问题同样也研究了堤坝在加固前和加固后两种工况下的抗液化能力。本文的研究目的在于通过对防渗加固模型试验对水库加固后的防渗性能做出评价;地震液化模型试验的目的就是研究加固工程对于堤坝抗地震液化能力的影响。试验结果表明:所研究的堤坝断面在加固前存在比较明显的渗漏,加固后抗渗能力明显提高,并且随着防渗墙抗渗能力的提高,堤坝防渗效果也就越好。地震液化模型试验表明,堤坝在天津波与低频剪切波激励的作用下无明显的液化现象,只有在高频剪切波下才会发生液化现象。更多还原

【Abstract】 According to the statistic of the world hydraulic engineering’s data, 40% of the destruction of hydraulic engineering is caused by seepage. Between 50s and 90s of the 20th, the rate of the destruction of earth-dams is up to 70.5% of all, and the destruction caused by seepage is 31.7%, the destruction caused by crack is 25.3%, a total of 57%. Most of these hydraulic engineering is built in the times of lack of technology, poor money and no equipment. Because of have been in use too many years, a lot of dams exposure many problems and become dangerous. It may bring a huge of waste and loss for our country. As many large and medium cities which have a large population and a developed economy lie in the downstream areas of the dams. If the dam falls, it would cause a tragedy unimaginable. So, the control of the seepage is very important to the earth-dams.According to the experimental research, this essay focuses on the problem of seepage reinforcement of dam and earthquake-induced liquefaction. The former researches on not only two cases of the unreinforced dam and the reinforced, but the capacity of seepage resistance under many working condition is analyzed. The later also researches on the capacity of earthquake-induced liquefaction of the unreinforced dam and the reinforced.The purpose of the research is to evaluate the effect of anti-seepage after reinforced through the model experiment of seepage reinforcement of dam. Because the dam has not met any earthquake with high intensity since it built, the model experiment of earthquake-induced liquefaction could help us forecast the consequence of dam when the earthquake happens.The result of model experiment could be concluded: the section studied exists an evident phenomenon of leakage. The capacity of seepage resistance of the section has a remarkable improvement after reinforced. And a better effect will appear when the anti-seepage wall has a smaller osmotic coefficient. The model experiment of earthquake-induced liquefaction tells us, the dam won’t appear liquefaction in the case of earthquake.更多还原