【作者】 王国强；

【导师】 师春生；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 材料学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 模板法是新发展起来的一种可以用于合成一维纳米单元阵列体系的材料制备方法,因其简单、有效而被广泛采用。基于模板法,现已进行了多种具体合成方法的尝试,并取得了重大进展,但仍有待于进一步拓展和深入研究。因此,本文基于氧化铝模板,探索并开发了一种简单可行的合成一维金属氧化物纳米单元阵列体系的新方法-配位转化法。采用配位转化法,以金属-氨配合物溶液为前驱液,在氧化铝模板孔道中成功组装了氧化镍、氧化锌以及氧化银的纳米线或纳米管阵列体系,并结合现代测试分析手段对它们的形貌、结构、组成及光吸收性能等进行了表征。结果表明,所合成的纳米线或纳米管均具有氧化铝模板孔道的形态特征,并且是由大量纳米颗粒堆积而成;氧化镍纳米管阵列组装体系具有类似于体相氧化镍的直接带隙的性质,其光学带隙为3.90eV,位于一般体相氧化镍的带隙范围内(3.6～4.0eV);氧化锌纳米线阵列组装体系同样具有类似于体相氧化锌的直接带隙的性质,其光学带隙达到3.93eV,相比于体相氧化锌(其带隙一般为3.37eV)发生了明显的蓝移;对于首次合成的氧化银纳米线阵列体系,由于所制备的氧化银性质不稳定,使得组装体系在整个测试波段(240～800nm)均表现出一定的光吸收,明显不同于文献报道的氧化银纳米颗粒薄膜的光吸收性能。更多还原

【Abstract】 Template synthesis is a newly developed preparation method, which could be used to fabricate one-dimensional nano-structures arrays and has been widely used due to its simple and effective. Based on template synthesis, several kinds of preparing techniques have been tried for the synthesizing of one-dimensional nano-structures arrays. Though great progress has been achieved, further research should be done. Therefore, a new simple and feasible method named“coordinate transformation method”has been developed to fabricate arrays of one-dimensional metal oxide nano-structures, using alumina membrane as template.Using coordinate transformation method and taking metal-ammonia complex as precursor, Nickel oxide (NiO), Zinc oxide (ZnO) and Silver oxide (Ag2O) nanowire or nanotube arrays have been synthesized in the pores of alumina template. And a few of modern analysis and testing technologies are adapted to characterize the morphology, structure, composition and optical absorption properties of the as-synthesized nano-structures. The results show that all the nanowires or nanotubes have the same morphological character as the pores of the alumina template, and consists of a large number of nanoparticles. Meanwhile, the assembly system of Nickel oxide nanotube arrays and alumina template has the direct band gap, and the band gap value is about 3.90eV, which is similar to the normal NiO (3.60~4.0eV). As for the assembly system of Zinc oxide nanowire arrays and alumina template, it also has the direct band gap, and the band gap value is about 3.93eV which exhibits obvious blue shift. Due to the instability of the as-synthesized Ag2O, the assembly system of Silver oxide nanowire arrays and alumina template has certain optical absorption in the whole testing range (240~800nm), which is quite different from the optical properties of Ag2O nanoparticles film reported in the literature.更多还原