【作者】 刘娜；

【导师】 文卫平；

【作者基本信息】 湘潭大学 ， 外国语言学及应用语言学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 存现句一直以来备受人们的关注。国内外很多学者都从不同的角度进行了探讨和研究。英语存现句是一个具有特殊属性的结构,其句法特征主要表现为:有一个虚主语there(expletive-there)作为句法主语,谓语通常由一个表示存在、出现或消失的非宾格动词充当,谓语后面跟一个表示非确指意义的名词短语(indefinite NP),名词短语后一般会有一个表示方位的介词短语或副词(locative phrase)。在有关英语存现句的句法研究中,讨论的焦点主要集中在以下几个问题上:虚主语there是否具有格特征,它与存现句中的方位短语(LP)是否有某种联系;动词后名词短语(postverbal NP)的格指派问题(case assignment)以及存现句的生成过程。而汉语存现句在国内的传统语法学家以及生成语法学家中也一直是热点问题。对于汉语存现句的分类问题,存现动词的研究以及存现动词后的成分的分析,汉语语法学界已经对存现句展开了深入的研究,并取得了相当的成果。本文旨在研究英汉存现句的语义及句法特点,并且在最简方案(MP)的框架下推导英汉存现句的生成。我们首先界定本文要研究的英汉存现句的范围,回顾在最简方案下关于存现句的研究成果,然后分别阐述英语存现句和汉语存现句。关于英语存现句的研究主要是围绕there展开论述,汉语存现句的研究主要是针对汉语存现句的分类问题以及主语问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 Existential sentence has never failed to capture people’s attention on account of its peculiar linguistic properties. Scholars abroad and at home have studied it from different perspectives. English existential sentence is a construction of special properties, which consist of the expletive there, an unaccusative predicate verb denoting existence, appearance or disappearance, an indefinite noun phrase( NP) situated in the postverbal position and a prepositional phrase or an adverb indicating location(locative phrase). Syntactic studies on existential sentences focus on the following issues: the case requirement of the expletive there and the relationship between there and the locative phrase (LP); the case assignment of the postverbal NP and the derivation of existential sentences. Chinese existential sentence has long been a‘hot’field of research among Chinese grammarians, traditional grammarians and generative linguists alike. They have given an in-depth and comprehensive description of every element in this interesting type of sentences: its classification, the predicate verb, and the postverbal entity, etc.This thesis focuses on the study of the semantic and syntactic properties of English and Chinese existential sentences, and explains the generation of English and Chinese existential sentences in the Minimalist Program (MP). First,we will introduces the definitions of English and Chinese existential sentences, and then reviews the theoretical and empirical research literature relevant to this study within the framework of Minimalist Program (MP). Empirical studies are made in chapter 3 and chapter 4, in which existential sentences in English and Chinese are touched upon. Chapter 3 mainly discussed the expletive there, subjecthood of postverbal NP, and derivation of English existential sentences. Chapter 4 analyzes Chinese existential verbs, the classification problem, and discusses the subject-object problem in the Chinese existential sentences and derivation of Chinese existential sentences.更多还原