【作者】 贺志丽；

【导师】 张建强；

【作者基本信息】 西南交通大学 ， 环境科学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 南水北调工程是我国继三峡工程之后启动的一项世界级巨大的水利工程。西线工程作为南水北调工程的重要组成部分,拟将大渡河、雅砻江和金沙江上游通天河之水调至黄河上游,以解决黄河流域青海、甘肃、宁夏、内蒙古、陕西、山西6省(区)日益严重的缺水问题。工程的意义重大自不待言。南水北调西线工程即将启动,调水后,调水区肯定受益,必然涉及与长江干支流的补偿关系的问题,但是至今还没有形成一套完整的生态补偿机制,跨流域补偿效益的计算、分配等问题便更无从着手。本文从生态补偿理论研究入手,提出生态补偿的概念、特征、原则及理论基础。生态补偿是指为了以维护和改善生态系统,保护生物多样性,保持生态平衡,维护生态安全,满足人类社会的生态社会需求和可持续发展为目的,利用经济手段,要求对生态环境造成损害行为与活动进行补偿,刺激行为主体减少对自然资源与生态环境的损害,并对保护资源的行为予以鼓励的制度。生态补偿机制是指“以保护生态环境、促进人与自然和谐为目的,根据生态系统服务价值、生态保护成本、发展机会成本,综合运用行政和市场手段,调整生态环境保护和建设相关各方之间利益关系的环境经济政策”。在研究现有的跨流域调水生态补偿现状以及跨流域调水造成的生态环境影响的基础上,结合南水北调西线工程的具体情况,构建南水北调西线工程生态补偿框架以及实施模式。总的操作流程是首先要确定补偿区域——确定支付方和受益方——分析主要涉及资源——相关资源价值评定——确定补偿方式和途径——确定补偿额度——实施生态补偿。为保证补偿的顺利实施及公平公正,提出创立一个中介机构,主要功能是协助确定贡献资源的量和范围、组织协商补织协商补偿方式和途径、确定补偿额度等问题。在补偿方式上确定七种常见补偿方式用于南水北调西线工程。同时,对调水区生态建设和保护的成本进行了分析,最终得出了受水区对调水区生态保护与建设总投入的补偿标准计算模型。通过对补偿额的定量计算得知,南水北调西线工程一期工程对调水区的经济补偿应包括调水区生态保护和建设成本补偿、调水造成的经济损益补偿。经济损益补偿包括发电损益补偿和漂木损益补偿两部分,其中年发电损益补偿为74105万元,年漂木损益补偿为132万元,合计年损益补偿为74237万元。南水北调西线工程为比较典型的跨流域调水工程,研究成果可以为其它跨流域调水工程生态补偿研究提供指导和借鉴作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 The South-to-north water diversion project is a huge hydropower project of world rank that our country is constructing after the Three Gorges Project. The west line project is an important part of south-to-north water diversion project, which is going to solve the more and more serious problem of lacking water in Qinghai, Gansu, Lingxia, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, and Shanxi in Huanghe basin by transferring the water of Dadu river of upper Yangtze river, branch of Yalongjiang river and the Tongtian river of upper Jinshajiang to the upper Huanghe. The meaning of project is self-evident. The west line project of south-to-north water diversion is going to start up. Some place will surely benefit from the water division, and this will inevitably concern the corresponding problem which relates to the compensation relationship between the trunk stream and branch of Yangtze River. But, even up till now, there is no complete ecological compensation mechanism. And the problem of calculating and allocating compensation benefits crossing basin is far from resolution.This article puts forward the concept, features, principles and theoretical foundation of ecological compensation from undertaking the research of ecological compensation theory. The ecological compensation is a system, which is to protect and improve the ecological system; to protect the biological diversity; to keep the natural balance; to safeguard the ecological safety and satisfy the mankind’ needs of ecological society and maintainable development. It requires that we do compensation to the action and activities that can do harm to the ecology environment, irritate people to decrease the harm to natural resources and ecology environment and encourage the action of protecting resources. The ecological compensation mechanism is an environmental economy policy, which is to protect the ecology environment; to improve the harmony between the mankind and the nature; to adjust the benefits relationship of different groups relating to the ecology environment protection and construction by using the administrative means and marketing means according to the values of ecological system service, the cost of ecology protection and development chance. This article constructs a frame of ecological compensation of the west line of south -to north water division and its mode of practice on the base of studying the present ecological compensation’s situation of crossing basin’s water division and its effect to the environment combining the concrete situation of the west line of south-to-north water division. The general frame of practice is to define the regions for compensation at first; then to define the party of paying and the party of deriving benefits; to analyze the main corresponding resources; to appraise the values of corresponding resources; to define the ways of compensation; to define the amount of money and carry out the ecological compensation. This article put forwards that an intermediary organization should be constructed in order to ensure the fair and just compensation. And its main function is to help to decide the quantity and scale of resources; to negotiate the ways of compensation and confirm the amount of money of compensation. It confirms seven usual ways that can be used in the south-to-north water division project. It concludes the calculating model of compensation standard of general investment of ecology protection and construction by simultaneously analyzing the cost of ecology protection and construction.Besides, the compensation of the first phase project of the south-to-north water division to the area of diverting water should include the compensation of ecology protection and construction and the compensation of economical profit and loss because of water division by the quantitative and qualitative analysis to the amount of money of compensation. The compensation of profit and loss of power generation will be 74237 million Yuan per year.The west line of south-to-north water division is a comparative typical project of water division of crossing basin, and the research achievements can supply the guidance and the use of references for the research of ecological compensation of other water division projects of crossing basin.更多还原