【作者】 申孝军；

【导师】 李明思； 孙景生；

【作者基本信息】 石河子大学 ， 农业水土工程， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 实时灌溉预报是以“实时”资料为基础,即以各种最新的实测资料和最近的预测成果为依据,通过计算分析,逐次预测作物所需的灌水日期及灌水定额。采用实时灌溉预报来指导灌溉,能够使作物得到“适时”、“适量”的灌溉,这将有利于农业水资源的可持续利用,满足现代化农业要求,对实现节能型社会以及加速社会主义新农村建设步伐具有十分重要的意义。国内外研究表明,实时灌溉预报的应用推广研究已成为灌区动态用水及农田灌溉制度优化急需解决的关键问题之一。针对国内外现有灌溉预报技术存在的问题,考虑我国的基本国情,对基于简易蒸发器水面蒸发量的实时灌溉预报技术进行了研究,旨在提出能在我国大面积推广应用的实时灌溉预报技术,为尽快开发出方便可行的简易实时灌溉预报预警装置奠定理论基础。本文主要研究了新疆膜下滴灌棉花的耗水规律、棉花生育期内简易蒸发器的水面蒸发规律,并在此基础上确立了棉田耗水量与水面蒸发量的关系,进一步建立了基于简易蒸发器水面蒸发的实时灌溉预报模型。最后,分别利用较为成熟的水量平衡法、经验公式法、消退指数法以及基于水面蒸发的实时灌溉预报技术对新疆膜下滴灌棉花进行灌溉预报。在大田试验研究的基础上,通过理论分析和模拟研究发现,基于水面蒸发的实时灌溉预报技术精度较高,能满足灌溉预报的精度要求。因此,以简易蒸发器的水面蒸发量作为实时灌溉预报指标,理论可行,操作简单方便,既不需要繁杂的公式计算,更不需要难以获得的各种土壤、气象等资料,而且成本低廉,与其它预报模型相比,更容易大面积推广应用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Real-time forecast of irrigation is forecast of crop irrigation time and irrigation quota based on various kinds of date wich include: the lastest measured data and prediction data. A real-time irrigation schedule attains scientific irrigation in appropriate time and degree, which plays an very important role in water-saving for agriculture, agriculture modernization, and energy conservation society, and civilized and harmonious socialist new countryside.Some research show that study on the application of real-time forecast of irrigation is one of the critical and key to irrigation management system of dynamic planning water use and optimizing irrigation system.In the dissertation, the problems of the current irrigation forecasting methods are put forward. Considering the basic condition of our contury, a real-time forecast technique of irrigation based on evaporation from simple evaporator water surface is studied. So as to provide an forecasting method of irrigation which can be widely used in our country, at sme time, it will lay a theoretical foundation for development of irrigation forecast device.This paper mainly studied water consumption law for cotton with drip irrigation under mulch and the evaporation law for water surface in simple evaporator. Based on these established a relation between cotton water consumption and evaporation amount of water surface of simple evaporator. A real-time forecast method of irrigation schedule was obtain based on above study. The irrigation forecast of cotton below film drop irrigation by four different methods (water balance method, empirical formula model, exponential depletion model, forecast method of irrigation based on water surface evaporation).The research shows that the result of irrigation forecast by real-time forecast model based on the evaporation of water surface in simple evaporator which could well satisfy the demand of actual applied. Consequently, the evaporation of water can be used as an index of real-time forecast of irrigation. The application and popularization by this method is more easy than other methods, becase the parameter for calculation is very simple, and the calculation is relatively simple.更多还原