【作者】 阿米娜；

【导师】 赵宗胜；

【作者基本信息】 石河子大学 ， 动物遗传育种与繁殖， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 为了某种目的,人们有意识的将亲缘关系相距较远的物种,按某种特定的交配方式进行杂交,但是种是一个与其它类群之间存在生殖隔离的生物类群,是具有不同生态特点、并具有生殖隔离的生物集团,因此这种杂交涉及到异种间的生殖隔离、杂交不亲和性及杂交不育这三大问题。鸡与鹌鹑的杂交是禽类中比较典型的远缘杂交,也存在着胚胎早期死亡等杂交不亲和现象。这些现象的产生可能和远缘杂交不同群体的基因组组成有一定关系,因此分析这些群体的群体遗传结构有着重要意义。本研究从血液蛋白质和基因组DNA水平上利用血液蛋白电泳技术和SRAP分子标记等方法对鸡、鹌鹑及其属间杂交种群体遗传结构进行分析。一、鸡、鹌鹑及其属间杂交种基因组DNA的SRAP标记研究对鸡、鹌鹑及其正交后代对72对SRAP引物组合的多态性进行筛选,得到35个扩增后带型好、品种间带型差异明显、易于识别的引物组合。最后实际用于检测的只有其中的7个引物组合(表3)。每个引物组合产生15～25个扩增带,7对引物组合共产生136个,平均每个引物组合产生19.4个。每个引物组合产生2～7个多态性带,7对引物组合共产生31个多态性带,平均每个引物组合产生4.4个多态性带。每个引物组合产生的多态性带的比例为13.3%～31.6%,平均为22.3%。二、血液蛋白(酶)多态型的研究1.利用血液蛋白多态现象对鸡、鹌鹑及其杂交后代蛋白(酶)座位的基因型频率和基因频率的计算结果,显示了鸡、鹌鹑及其杂交后代的遗传结构各具特点和存在的差异。2.本次实验主要是采用不连续聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测了前白蛋白(PA)、转铁蛋白(Tf)、血红蛋白(HB)、铜蓝蛋白(CP)、血清前白蛋白(pam)、后白蛋白(Po)、红细胞蛋白质-1(EP-1)、红细胞蛋白质-2(EP-2)、血清酯酶(ES)、Alb、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、淀粉酶(Amy– 1)、苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)、碳酸肝酶(CA)和淀粉酶(Am)等共15个蛋白(酶)座位的多态性,其中除了EP-1和EP-2都表现多态,EP-1和EP-2均为单态,只表现出AA基因型。3.鸡、鹌鹑和杂交后代的13个多态座位的平均杂合度在0.5120-0.5288之间13个蛋白(酶)的平均杂合度都较高,说明鸡、鹌鹑和杂交后代有丰富的遗传多态性,具有丰富的的物种多样性,可进一步通过纯繁选育,提高群体的整齐度和生产性能。整个研究结果表明,杂交禽与鹌鹑(母本)表现出了更为相似的遗传结构,而造成这一结果的原因尚有待于进一步探讨。更多还原

【Abstract】 For some kinds of goals, people consciously cross the far sibship species to get new species .but,there are some problems in the species hybrids such as reproduction isolation, hybrid incompatibility and cross-sterility. Chicken-quail cross is a classic hybridization in fowl. but, the hybridization existed incompatibility to some extent,mounts of embryos died at the early stages of incubation.There are some certain relations between the death and the different community’s genome, therefore it is necessary to analyzes these Genetic Structure of these communities.This research anlysis the Genetic Structure among the chicken,quail and their hybrids with the methods of the blood protein polymorphism and SRAP marks and in the genome team DNA level using blood the protein electrophoretic techniques and and so on SRAP member mark to the chicken, the quail and the intergeneric cross population body heredity structure carries on the analysis.1.The research of chick, quail and their hybrid genomic DNA with SRAP markerThrough analysis the 72 pairs of SRAP primer of chick,quail,hybrids ,we found 35 pairs of primer which were easy to be identify and have manifest difference in different species. 7 pairs of primers were be used in our research .each pair of the primers lead to 15-25 bands、2-7 bands of polymorphism and get 136 bands ,31 bands of polymorphism. The ratio of each pair primers combination of polymorphism is 13.3% to 31.6%, with an average of 22.3 %.2.The study of Blood protein (enzyme) polymorphism(1).Study on the gene frequency and genotypic frequency of the blood protein polymorphism ,we found that the difference of hereditary constitution exist among chick,quail and their hybrids(2). To research the protein (enzyme) seat polymorphism, the discontinuity polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis method was used in the experiment ,the results indicate that except EP-1 and EP-2 is single state, only shows AA genotype , PA, Tf, HB ,CP, pam, Po, ES, Alb, AKP, Amy - 1, MDH, CA ,Am were polymorphism.(3). The average of heterozygosis degree of 13 protein seat in chick,quail and their hybrids is between 0.5120-0.5288,and they had high heterozygosis degree.The result that chick ,quail and their hybrids has high genetic polymorphism,and plenty of species diversity. The hybrid could be used selection breeding,to increase the performance traitThe whole result indicate that there is the same hereditary constitution,but the reason is not clearly .更多还原