【作者】 李明；

【导师】 朱晓进；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 中国现当代文学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 新时期初的文坛出现了一批以改革过程中的生活、观念、心态、问题等为描写对象的小说,后来被文学界统称为“改革小说”。它发轫于蒋子龙1979年发表的短篇小说《乔厂长上任记》。此后的作品大多贴近现实,呼唤和表现城乡改革,体现了作家对现实的忧患意识和对改革的迫切渴盼,反映了文学对社会现实的功利目的。在创作方法上以现实主义为主,伴有一种理想与现实相结合的模式。90年代以后出现的“现实主义冲击波”小说同样运用现实主义的创作方法,但伴随着社会主义市场经济政策的提出,改革进入了由计划经济向市场经济过渡的所谓转型期,其存在的深层次问题日益突显,而改革攻坚战中所反映出的艰巨性也远远超出当初乔厂长们的乐观预期,所以同是反映改革题材,“现实主义冲击波”小说与“改革小说”的文学精神与文学风貌已迥然有别,整体上呈现出由“浪漫”趋向“凝重”的发展态势。这批作家如刘醒龙、关仁山、何申、谈歌等的作品中充满了浓烈的当今实际生活的气息,表现出经济和文化转型过程中我们这个时代的勃勃生机,同时用更重的笔墨描写这一过程中普通民众的痛苦和艰难。他们所传达的感情容量,突破了个人日常生活的琐碎、得失、悲欢,而表现出对我们共同承担的社会现实的真切忧思。与“改革小说”比,在现实主义的内涵与功能上有了不同程度的变迁。本文通过将90年代的“现实主义冲击波”小说与新时期之初的“改革小说”并置在一起加以对比来揭示这种变迁,并对这种变迁作出应有的分析与评价。本文写作的目标主要是通过对70年代末到90年代中期创作流向的把握,揭示新时期现实主义功能的变迁。这个变迁的基本内涵是:新时期开始时,作家响应历史变革的要求,通过文学想象塑造改革中的英雄人物,展示改革的理想化前景;90年代,市场经济构成的现实挑战冲击着当代作家的思想意识,改变着他们对现实主义功能的认识,对底层的关注、对改革的隐忧使得他们对现实生活的反映与以前的乐观有了较大的不同。揭示贯穿其间的现实主义美学内涵的丰富与变化,便成为本文必须面对的任务,也是本文研究的价值所在。现实主义作为新时期小说的创作主潮,它在新时期文学发展中经历了嬗变和复归的演化过程,依旧表现出它强大的生命力。而从嬗变到复归所显现出的现实主义功能变迁则有着丰富的时代、政治和文学内涵,其间的经验教训值得我们总结与思考。更多还原

【Abstract】 At the beginning of the New times, a lot of novels appeared which focused on describing the life, ideas, thoughts, problems during the innovation. All these novels are called innovation novels by the literature field. The short story the record for Mr Qiao taking the post of the factory director written by Jiang Zilong in 1979 was considered as the beginning of this style. Most of the works close to reality, and performance of urban and rural reform, which reflected the sense of reality and the hope for the reform. All these reflect the objective to the reality. The way of the creation is mainly on realism, together with the mode combine idea with reality.After thel990s, realism shock also created works by realism. While as the socialist market economic policy was proposed, reform from the planned economy has entered a transition to a market economy of the so-called transition, and the deep-seated problem has been highlighted. And the reform campaign of reflects the enormity of far beyond their original director Joe optimistic expectations. Although both focused on reform, the literary spirit and the literary style has been different between realism shocking wave and innovation novels. On the whole emerged from the "romantic" tends to be "grave" development trend. The authors such as Liu Xinglong, Wanren Hill, Heshen, talking about songs, and other works have been filled with the thick atmosphere of today’s real life, Demonstrate economic and cultural transformation process in the vitality of our times, but with more emphasis on the ink describing this process and the suffering of ordinary people difficult. They convey the feelings of capacity, a personal breakthrough in the daily life of the trivial, gains and losses, sad and merry, demonstrat our common commitment to the social realities of the real anxiety. These works is not only the pre-realist novels of the new comprehensive beyond, the new realism novels by the inherent influence, and it "reform novel" than in the reality of the meaning and function with varying degrees of change. By the 1990s will be "the wave of reality" novels and the beginning of the new era of "reform novel" home together and compare to reveal this change, and this change should make the necessary analysis and evaluation.The aim of this paper is writing through the late 1970s to the early 1990s the flow of creative grasp of reality reveals function of the new era of change. Change the basic meaning of this is: at the beginning of the new era, writers response to the request of the historical changes through the reform of the Literary Imagination shape of the heroic figures, showing the idealistic reform prospects; In the early 1990s, the reality of a market economy challenges impact on the minds of contemporary writers, changes in the function of their understanding of reality, the underlying concern on the reform of the problems has made them reflect on the reality of life 10 years ago and optimism with more difference. Through which reveals the reality of the rich content and aesthetic changes will become must face the task of this paper is the value of this paper. As the reality of the main stream of creative fiction, literary development in the new period of evolution and has experienced the evolution of the reversion process, it still demonstrated strong vitality. Evolution from the reversion to the reality shows that the function of the changing times has a wealth of political and literary connotations, which we should learn the experience of up and thinking.更多还原