鸠摩罗什译经疑问代词研究

【作者】 李建生；

【导师】 董志翘；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 汉语言文字学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 汉译佛经是汉语史研究的重要语料,对于比较缺少口语材料的中古汉语研究而言,显得弥足珍贵。本文以姚秦时期鸠摩罗什汉译佛经疑问代词为研究对象,在穷尽性统计的基础上进行详细的静态描写,通过描写与解释相结合,共时与历时相结合,整理出鸠摩罗什译经的疑问代词系统,指出其特点及形成的原因,帮助人们了解姚秦时期汉语疑问代词系统的实际面貌,以期对汉语史研究做一些有益的必要的补充。通过研究,我们有了如下的发现:鸠摩罗什译经的部分疑问代词继承于上古汉语,在此期的功能和用法有了进一步的发展;且构成了众多新的疑问代词,其中以“何”为基础形成的疑问代词数量很多。疑问代词“云何”得到了很大的发展,达到了它的鼎盛期,语法功能臻于完备,用法丰富多样,是当时最具活力的“何”系疑问代词,而“何”、“何等”、“何所”都呈现出萎缩的态势。“谁”的功能得到较大的扩展,且分布广泛,用法多样和语义丰富,使用频率极高,已独占优势,成为最主要的人物疑问代词;它还用于询问事物,频率较高.此期也产生了比较特殊的疑问代词,如“大小”和“远近”等。鸠摩罗什译经疑问代词仍是一词多用,同一个疑问代词兼有多种询问功能,各个疑问代词之间功能交叉重叠;同时疑问代词也呈现出很强的双音化趋势。鸠摩罗什译经疑问代词整体上呈现出体系完整、用法广泛以及新旧交替、文白夹杂的特点,反映了从上古到近代的过渡性特征。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chinese Buddhist scriptures are of great value in studying the Chinese language. It is more valuable in the study of mid-ancient Chinese language because of the lack of oral materials. In this paper, we research interrogative pronouns of Buddhist scriptures which were translated by Kumārajīva. Based on the throughout enumerate, description and explanation, comparison between in the same dynasty, and between in the different dynasty, we sort out the system of interrogative pronouns of Buddhist scriptures, point out the characteristics and the reason behind it. We hope that it will help to understand the intrinsic essence, and development and history, of interrogative pronouns. We also hope that the work, in this paper, will be beneficial and necessary additive to the research of Chinese language history.Through research, we have discovered the followings:Some interrogative pronouns of Buddhist scriptures which were translated by Kumārajīva were inherited from the remote ancient Chinese, whose function and usage had a further development, and built a large number of new interrogative pronouns. There were a lot of interrogative pronouns built by He (何)。Yunhe (云何) had prodigious development, whose grammatical function and usage developed greatly, and reached its peak period. Yunhe become the most active interrogative pronoun of He system. He, Hedeng (何等), Hesuo (何所)presented a declining trend in the meantime. Shui(谁)’s grammatical function obtained a big expansion, and distributed widely. Shui had rich usage and semantics, whose frequency of use was extremely high, and monopolized the superiority. Shui become the most main character interrogative pronoun. Shui which can be also used to inquire tings had comparatively high frequency of use .There come to be some interrogative pronouns of speciel structure such as Daxiao (大小)and Yuanjin (远近) .An interrogative pronoun of Buddhist scriptures translated by Kumārajīva still had many kinds of inquiry functions usually. Inquiry functions of interrogative pronouns overlapped between each other partly. Interrogative pronouns of Buddhist scriptures which were translated by Kumārajīva presents a strong disyllabic tendency.On the whole, the interrogative pronoun system of Buddhist scriptures which were translated by Kumārajīva presents a state of integrity and mixture of new and old interrogative pronoun terms.更多还原