【作者】 冯楠楠；

【导师】 刘慧民；

【作者基本信息】 东北农业大学 ， 园林植物与观赏园艺， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 绣线菊属（Spiraea）植物是极好的花灌木,集观花、观彩色叶于一身,花色雅丽,花朵繁茂,春夏秋三季开花,在园林中应用前景极为广阔,适于在城镇园林绿化中广泛应用。但是由于气候等多方面原因,绣线菊属植物在黑龙江高寒地区分布、应用十分有限。研究绣线菊属资源在高寒地区的越冬能力,成为绣线菊属资源在黑龙江省乃至东北地区园林绿化中应用的关键。本研究以金山绣线菊（S.×bunmalba cv.Goldmound）、金焰绣线菊（S.×bunmalba cv.Goldflame）、石棒绣线菊（Spiraea media Schmidt.）、柳叶绣线菊（Spiraea Salicifolia L.）、毛果绣线菊（Spiraea thichocarpa Nakai）、华北绣线菊（Spiraea fritschiana Schneid）6个分布及抗寒能力不同的绣线菊为试验材料,采用自然露地冷驯化、人工梯度冷驯化和恒温未冷驯化的试验方法,研究了不同冷驯化及露地越冬过程中,不同绣线菊形态及生理指标的变化动态及其与抗寒性的关系,并应用Logistic方程、隶属函数分析、聚类分析的方法,对6种绣线菊抗寒性的强弱进行了排序和分类;同时探讨了春秋两季冻融交替时期对6种绣线菊抗寒性的影响,研究结果表明:1.金山绣线菊、金焰绣线菊、石棒绣线菊、柳叶绣线菊、毛果绣线菊、华北绣线菊的半致死温度(LT₅₀)分别为:-20.7℃、-23.7℃、-26.8℃、-26.1℃、-27.2℃、-32.6℃。对6种绣线菊的半致死温度进行聚类分析,华北绣线菊抗寒性较强单独为一类,其余5种绣线菊聚为一类,抗寒性较华北绣线菊弱。6种绣线菊均可以在黑龙江省南部园林绿化中应用,华北绣线菊可以在黑龙江省北部高寒地区露地应用。2.华北绣线菊、石棒绣线菊在形态上具有更好的低温适应能力。叶片解剖构造中的SR（疏松海绵组织厚度与叶片厚度的比值）值和气孔密度可以作为6种绣线菊抗寒性鉴定指标。3.冷驯化处理过程中,6种绣线菊的可溶性蛋白含量、保护酶SOD活性逐渐升高,ABA含量上升并对6种绣线菊在露地低温胁迫过程中产生后续效应。自然冷驯化处理是提高6种绣线菊抗寒能力最有效的途径。4.通过对不同冷驯化处理的6种绣线菊蛋白质图谱的分析,发现64kD、55kD、45kD的蛋白质表达量的变化与6种绣线菊的抗寒性有关。5.春秋季节冻融交替时期,各指标与6种绣线菊抗寒性的关联度大小依次为:脯氨酸含量＞可溶性糖含量＞ABA含量＞可溶性蛋白含量＞SOD酶活性。春季冻融交替对大多数绣线菊的伤害比秋季更大。6.由隶属函数综合分析自然、人工冷驯化和未冷驯化对6种绣线菊抗寒性强弱的影响,以及形态解剖结构的隶属值,得出6种绣线菊抗寒能力的排序为:华北绣线菊＞柳叶绣线菊＞石棒绣线菊＞毛果绣线菊＞金焰绣线菊＞金山绣线菊。这一结论与6种绣线菊的半致死温度的结果基本一致。论文首次在国内从形态解剖结构、光响应曲线、质膜系统指标、渗透调节物质、激素ABA含量、低温逆境适应性蛋白差异表达与变化等方面系统研究了6种绣线菊的抗寒能力。更多还原

【Abstract】 The resourse of Spiraea linn.is excellent ornamental bush due to its special properties and benefits,namely gathering the flower and colorful leaf to appreciate;flourishing flowers have flamboyant color;it blooms in spring,summer and autumn;the foreground of application of Spiraea will be wide at gardening;and it can be widely used in gardening of city forestations.But the Spiraea has limited application at Hei Longjiang province that is cold and dry region,because of climate and other reasons.So the study about the live through the winter ability of Spiraea at the cold region is the key point to apply the Spiraea as forestation plant at Hei Longjiang and northeast region.There are six species of Spiraea were used as experimental material in this project and they have different cold resistance ability.These six species of Spiraea are S.×bunmalba cv. Goldmound,S.×bunmalba cv.Goldflame,Spiraea media Schmidt.,Spiraea Salicifolia L., Spiraea thichocarpa Nakai,Spiraea fritschiana Schneid respectively.However the natural cold acclimation,the artificial cold acclimation,without cold acclimation process were used as experimental methods to study the relationship between variety trends of morphological and physiological information of six species of Spiraea and cold resistance ability.And then,the Logistic equation,subjection function and clustering analysis that are mathematic analytical methods were considered to rank and classify the different cold resistance ability of these six species of Spiraea.Synchronously,the grade of cold resistance ability of these six species of Spiraea was discussed during alternated period in spring and autumn;and this period is alternation between freeze and thaw.Finally,few conclusions were indicated by this project study;and they are sum up as follow:1.Spiraea fritschiana Schneid and Spiraea media Schmidt.have better morphological adaptability on low temperature situation.SR and leaves’ stoma density of six species of Spiraea’ anatomized conformation are suitable as appraisable data to determine the cold resistance ability of these six species of Spiraea.But periderm proportion,xylem proportion and phloem proportion of six species of Spiraea’ anatomized conformation are not suitable.2.From this project,the Semi-lethal temperature(LT₅₀) of S.×bunmalba cv.Goldmound,S.×bunmalba cv.Goldflame,Spiraea media Schmidt.,Spiraea Salicifolia L.,Spiraea thichocarpa Nakai,Spiraea fritschiana Schneid can be determined;and they are-20.7,-23.7,-26.8,-26.1,-27.2 and-32.6 respectively.However the cold resistance ability of these six species of Spiraea can be classified into two grades after Semi-lethal temperature(LT₅₀)clustering analysis;The first grade is S.fritschiana Schneid,it have higher cold resistance ability than others;the second grade is other species of Spiraea.So these six species of Spiraea can be applied as gardening plant on the south of Hei Longjiang Province;but only S.fritschiana Schneid can be applied on the north low temperature of Hei longjiang province.3.During cold acclimation processes,the gradual increasing of soluble protein content,the gradual increasing of the protected enzyme SOD activity and the rise of ABA content have extended effect during the natural low temperature intimidating process.The IUFA of these six species of Spiraea increased,when they lived through the winter;the fatty film still has fluidity at the lower temperature and they still can carry through physiological function.But there is not direct relationship between cold resistance ability and the IUFA of these six species of Spiraea.The natural cold acclimation is the most effective approach that increasing the cold resistance ability of these six species of Spiraea.4.Via the protein spectrum analysis of six species of Spiraea that were dealt with the different cold acclimation,the cold resistance ability can be reflected by protein expressed quantities of 64KD,55KD and 45KD.5.In the alternation from freeze to melt period in spring and autumn,the related degree between the various index and cold resistance ability of these six species of Spiraea has a following sequence:content of PRO＞content of soluble carbohydrate＞content of ABA＞content of soluble protein＞activity of SOD enzyme.The other five species of Spiraea except Spiraea thichocarpa Nakai have better cold resistance ability in autumn than in spring;in another word,the climate characteristic of sprin have worse damage on the most species of Spirarea.And In the alternation from freeze to melt period in spring and autumn,the special different protein express appear in the protein spectrum of six species of Spiraea.6.According to subjection function value analysis about two aspects,which are the influence of the natural,artificial and without cold acclimation to the cold resistance ability of six species of Spirarea as well as the subordinate value of morphological anatomized conformation,it can conclude the cold resistance ability sequence of 6 Spiraea trees from strong to week is Spiraea fritschiana Schneid,Spiraea Salicifolia L.,Spiraea media Schmidt.,Spiraea thichocarpa Nakai,S.×bunmalba cv.Goldmound and S.×bunmalba cv.Goldflame.And this conclusion is similar with the conclusion of the Semi-lethal temperature(LT₅₀).The thesis systematically study on the cold resistance ability of six species of Spirarea in aspects of anatomical structure,photoresponse curve,plasma membrane system indicators, osmo-coditioning material,hormone ABA content,changes and expression of adaptive protein under cold stress and so on,which is the first time in our country.更多还原