【作者】 张晓燕；

【导师】 沈京玲；

【作者基本信息】 首都师范大学 ， 光学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 碳纤维是一种新型非金属材料,它和它的复合材料具有高比强度和高比模量等一系列的优异性能,被广泛应用于宇航、导弹、飞机、汽车以及文体用品等各个领域。在聚丙烯睛PAN碳纤维的生产过程中,原丝被普遍认为是制约我国碳纤维发展的“瓶颈”。(引自论文摘要)目前《,高性能聚丙烯腈PAN碳纤维基础科学问题(》项目号:2006CB605300)已经成为国家重点基础研究发展项目,首都师范大学物理系参与其课题研究。本文利用扫描电子显微镜观测原丝的纵面、断面,判断出原丝存在原纤结构。通过观察其截面和表面,发现在原丝内部存在杂质和空隙,并分析这些缺陷对原丝性能造成的影响。通过对比国产碳丝和进口碳丝的纵面、截面图,分析其性差距的来源。另外提出利用锁相红外的检测方法检测单根原丝的表面热分布,以此推断原丝的内部缺陷分布,此项工作待续。C/SiC作为一种新型的纤维增韧陶瓷基复合材料(CFCCs),具有低密度、耐高温、高韧性、高耐磨性、高化学稳定性、高导热性和高设计容限等一系列优点,在航空航天、核能反应堆等领域有着广阔的应用前景。目前,我国高推比航空发动机、运载火箭和战略导弹等都对C/SiC复合材料提出了明确而迫切的要求,这要求材料必须具有高可靠性,需要开展C/SiC的无损检测研究。针对此种需求,本文利用红外热波无损检测技术对西北工业大学提供的C/SiC复合材料板进行实际检测,实验过程中自行尝试了多种实验方法:包括采用EhermoScope系统与EchoTherm系统分别实验,采用反射法、透射法分别实验,采用空气中、浸水中分别实验,对结果分析对比,选取最佳。最后通过实验数据的分析处理,得到C/SiC复合材料板预埋缺陷的相关信息。除此之外,利用X射线检测方法对同一C/SiC复合材料板作检测,对比红外热波无损检测结果,形成优劣对比。更多还原

【Abstract】 Carbon fiber, a novel material, is of a series of excellent characteristics, such as high intensity, high modulus, heat-resistant, anti-eroding and electrically-conductive. Thus it is currently applied in many fields, including not only aerospace and military industries but also civilian and athletic applications. Spinning is crucial for producing the precursor fiber, for it largely determines the structure and performance of carbon fiber.High Performance PAN (Polypropylene Nitrile) Carbon Fiber Basic Principle (program code: 2006C605300) has been national keystone foundation investigation. Physics department from Capital Nominal University has been involved in this research. Observation the cross section & vertical section of the spinning with electronic macro meter, get the structure of raw fiber in the spinning. Through its cross-section and surface observation, we found there are impurities and gaps in the spinning then analyze the defects how to effect the spinning.By comparing domestic and import PAN fiber’s vertical surface and section, find the source of differences. In addition,we propose to detect the single spinning by lock-in infrared detection and infer the internal defects. This work to be continuedC/SiC, a new type of CFCCs, has prefect performance such as the lower density, high temperature duration, high toughness, high abrasion, high erode, high heat conductivity, and abroad design limitation or application field like aerospace & navigation, nuclear energy reactor. We have the clear urgent requirements of the composite material C/SiC, especially with the high reliability. We need to use the C/SiC on the aero-engine, launch vehicle and strategic missile. We need to start the nondestructive examination (NDE) research about the C/SiC.We examined the composite material C/SiC sample sheet supplied by NWPU, North-Western Poly -Technical University, with Infrared Heat Wave NDE. We tried a couple of examination methods, including compare examination between EhermoScope system & EchoTherm system, compare examination between Reflection & Transmission, Environment examination compare between Air & Water, after above compare examination, and we selected the best result. Then, we analyzed the test data, got the relevant disfigurement information of the C/SiC. Also, we can do the compare examination with the X-Ray and Infrared Heat Wave NDE and advantages and disadvantages of these two technologies were analyzed.更多还原