【作者】 陈涵；

【导师】 陈家骅；

【作者基本信息】 福建农林大学 ， 生态安全， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 在2006年4月至2007年8月间,采取在田间悬挂诱集瓶,定期清点瓶内诱杀虫数的方法,对福州地区橘小实蝇种群周年消长进行了系统的监测,监测点分布于枇杷园、芭乐园、柑橘园、四季杨桃园、桃园、芒果园以及果园周边地区。在枇杷园内,橘小实蝇发生较早,在6月中旬达到全年第一个高峰;而在芭乐园,橘小实蝇发生为害最严重,在全年的最高峰时,平均每个诱集瓶每天可诱杀实蝇127头。橘小实蝇种群动态取决于两个关键的因素:气候和寄主果实的成熟情况,其种群在冬季处于较低的水平,从春季开始逐渐增长,在秋季达到全年最高峰,之后随气温下降而下降。在一天内的不同时段,橘小实蝇的栖息地也有所不同。掌握田间橘小实蝇种群的消长规律可为该虫的田间综合防治提供依据。通过比较隔天添加ME的诱集瓶和仅加一次药的诱集瓶在诱杀虫数上的区别,测定了监测和灭雄措施的合理加药时间间隔,在夏季,两者分别为6～10d和21～25d;而在冬季,两者分别为16～20d和26～30d。通过观察不同温度条件下添加杀虫剂对ME效果的影响,发现在温度较低或较适宜的情况下,添加杀虫剂可以提高诱杀的效果,而当温度较高时,杀虫剂的效果将适得其反。对不同开口数量、开口直径、不同颜色、不同辅助液体以及不同悬挂高度的诱集瓶的诱杀虫数进行了比较,研究表明:诱集瓶较理想的开口方式为4个开口,相邻开口间约成直角以及3个开口,相邻开口间约成120°;较合适的开口直径为3～5cm;较合适的颜色为黄色;在诱集瓶底部添加液体,尤其是肥皂水和油,可以明显提高诱杀效果;而离地面的2.5m的诱集瓶诱杀的虫量最大,但在挂瓶操作上比较麻烦。对采取点喷和挂瓶方式施用GF-120果园的防治效果进行比较,发现除多雨月份外,其余月份采取点喷的方式施药更符合生产实际。通过比较12个施用猎蝇饵剂时间与空间间隔不同的小区,发现单位面积喷药量越大,喷药频率越高,防治效果也相应越好,但综合考虑防治成本因素,笔者认为,在对防治效果没有显著影响的前提下,较合理的喷药空间与时间间隔分别为4m、9d和8m、6d。更多还原

【Abstract】 During April,2006 and August,2007,the population dynamics of oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel)was systematically monitered through setting methyl megenol-baited traps in the field and conducting the munber of fly trapped in the bottle. The monitoring field included some loquat orchards,guava orchards,citrus orchards, carambola orchards,peach orchards,mango orchards and these surrounding area.During the studied periods,the fruit fly occurred earlier in loquat orchards than any other orchards, reaching the first annual peak in the middle 10-day of June;and the fruit fly caused worst demage in guava orchards;in the maximum,the monitoring traps here can catch 127 flies per day per trap.On the whole,the population of the fruit fly fluctuated in relationship with two crucial factors:climate and the ripeness of fruit;its population remained low in winter, increased steadily in spring until reaching the maximum in autumn.Afterwards,the population declined with the drop of temperature.The fruit fly inhabited in different areas in different times of a day.Mastering the population dynamics of the fruit fly can make a good preparation for its comprehensive control.Trapping efficacy of traps dropped ME every two days and the ones dropped ME once was compared,the results showed that the optimal interval of dropping ME for monitering and male annihilation were 6～10d and 21～25d in summer,16～20d and 26～30d in winter,respectively.Effects of pesticide to efficacy of ME was studied in different temperature,the results showed that ME mixed with pesticide had better efficacy in low and optimal temperature,but the effect was adverse in high temperature.Efficacy of traps with different number and diameter of holes,different colour,different liquid in it were compared,the results showed that the optimal number of holes for traps was 3 or 4,and its diameter was 3～5cm;the optimal colour was yellow;and dropping same liquid,especially soapy water and oil,in it can enhance its efficacy.Efficacy of traps in different height was also compared,the results showed that the best height was 2.5m in studied treatment,but it is not convenient in practice.GF-120 was used in two ways:spraying and dropping in a bottle,and the efficacy was compared.The author argue that spraying was a more practical way expect raining season. Control efficacy of plots sprayed GF-120 with different temporal and spatial interval were also compared,the results showed that the more quantity and frequency it was used,the better its efficacy was,but when taking the cost into account,the author considered that relatively reasonable temporal and spatial interval were 4m,9d or 8m,6d on the precondition of ensuring control efficacy.更多还原