【作者】 常明山；

【导师】 杨振德；

【作者基本信息】 广西大学 ， 生态学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 黛袋蛾(Dappula tertia Templeton),属鳞翅目(Lepidoptera)袋蛾科(Psychidae)。幼虫取食桉树的树叶、嫩枝条和树皮,大发生时几天就能将全树叶片食尽,严重影响桉树的生长。本文系统的研究了黛袋蛾的生物学、生态学特性及其与桉树生理生化状况之间的关系,并对黛袋蛾的防治技术进行了初步的研究,主要结果如下:1.黛袋蛾在广西区内1年发生1代,以蛹越冬。成虫出现在2月中旬,到3月中、下旬为羽化盛期,3月下旬至4月上旬为产卵盛期,卵期20天左右。幼虫出现在3月下旬,4月中、下旬为孵化盛期,6～7月危害最为严重,9月底进入蛹期到次年2月开始羽化。2.黛袋蛾幼虫期最长,共5龄。雌雄成虫异型。雄蛾体长17～25mm,具翅,雌虫体长16～25mm,淡黄色,蛆状,头小,无翅无足,胸背隆起,触角、口器和足退化。研究还发现,黛袋蛾各龄幼虫的头壳宽度之比为一个常数(约1.4左右)。3.黛袋蛾幼虫拖动袋囊移动,无自相残杀。在林间,黛袋蛾幼虫移动主要依靠爬行。幼虫利用咬碎的叶片结成袋囊。成虫一般取食花蜜水以及露水等。幼虫在林间的分布型为聚集分布。4.黛袋蛾的取食量随着温度的升高而增加,当温度超过一定范围时,取食量会下降,当温度达到40℃时,幼虫基本不取食。幼虫在黑暗处的取食量较在光下的取食量大。5.采用叶碟法测定黛袋蛾对3种桉树叶片的取食嗜好性。黛袋蛾幼虫喜食尾叶桉叶片,其取食量大小顺序为尾叶桉(Eucalyptus urophylla)>大叶桉(Eucalyptus robusta)>窿缘桉(Eucalyptus exserta)。黛袋蛾幼虫对桉树叶龄也具有选择性,如对尾叶桉成熟叶的取食量是嫩叶的2倍多。试验结果还表明黛袋蛾4龄幼虫对尾叶桉叶片利用率和消化率相对较高,而对大叶桉和窿缘桉的利用率和消化率相对较低。研究结果还表明,黛袋蛾幼虫取食尾叶桉后体内纤维素酶的活力明显增加。6.本文测定了3种桉树叶片物理、化学性质。结果表明:尾叶桉和大叶桉的鲜重、叶片面积、比叶面积、叶干重、体积、海绵组织厚度相对窿缘桉较大。同时,尾叶桉和大叶桉叶片的总糖和还原糖含量最高,窿缘桉最低;尾叶桉叶片的游离氨基酸含量最高,大叶桉和窿缘桉较低;蛋白质含量窿缘桉最高,其次为尾叶桉;窿缘桉总酚含量最高,其次为大叶桉;对于尾叶桉不同老嫩程度的叶片,其内部各成份含量均有明显的差异。7.选用4种杀虫剂对黛袋蛾进行室内药效比较试验。结果表明,高效氯氰菊酯和快杀灵的杀虫效果比较好,阿维菌素和敌敌畏杀虫效果较差。黛袋蛾取食和喷施杀虫剂均可诱导尾叶桉叶片内保护酶(过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶)活性明显升高,说明这两种处理均能诱导尾叶桉产生一定程度的抗虫性;黛袋蛾取食对尾叶桉幼苗光合速率没有明显的影响;黛袋蛾取食后尾叶桉叶片的总酚含量显著升高,而喷施杀虫剂对总酚含量没有明显的影响。8.本文的创新点在于首次运用生物学、生态学和植物生理学多学科知识,系统的研究了黛袋蛾的生物学、生态学特性及其与桉树生理生化状况之间的关系,并对防治技术进行了初步研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 Dappula tertia Templeton larvae mainly attacked Eucalyptus’s leaf, branches and barks,affected gravely in Eucalyptus’s growth.This paper systematically studied the relationship between biological and ecological characteristics of Dappula tertia Templeton and physiological-biochemical characteristic of Eucalyptus sp.,and Preliminary research the control method. The main results were:1.Dappula tertia Templeton had one generation per year year in Guangxi, and overwinters as pupae.The adults began to appear in the mid-February and reach the peak in the middle and the late March,the oviposition peak in the late March and the early April,the egg period was 20 d.The larvae began to appear in the late March,incubation in the middle and the late April,the the most serious damage of Dappula tertia Templeton larvae appeared in June and July. After the middle September,they began to pupate.2.The larvae period was very long.,which had 5 instars.The adults were sexual dimorphism.The male moths length 17～25mm,having winged;the female adults length 16～25mm,light yellow,apterous.The head width of different instars accord with the growth regularity of larvae head width that was found by Dyar(about 1.4).3.The larva was not cannibalistic,having marsupium and Crawling in forests.The marsupium was made by tatter leaf.The adults fed nectar water and dew.The spatial distribution of Dappula tertia Temploton in forests was measured to belong to an aggregated distribution pattern.4.The Feeding quantities increased with rising temperature,and as temperature exceeds a certain degree,the Feeding quantities declined.The larvae stopped feeding when the temperature reached 40℃.The Feeding quantities were higher under the darkness than lightness.5.The feeding preference of Dappula tertia Temploton to 3 Eucalyptus species was tested by leaf dish method,and the converision and utilization of 4th instar larvae were determined.The Dappula tertia larvae preferred to leaves of E. urophylla than to those of E.robusta and E.Protruding.The larval preferences to Eucalyptus’s leaf age were also observed.The feeding quantities of D.tertia larvae to E.urohpylla mature leaves were 2 times larger than tender leaves.The 4th instar larvae utilized and conversed E.urohpylla leaves more effective than to the E.robusta and E.Protruding.6.This paper determined the physiological-biochemical characteristic of 3 Eucalyptus species.Results showed that the E.urophylla and E.robusta’s green weight,leaf area,leaf dry weight,leaf volume,thickness of bundle were larger than E.Protruding’s,and also the E.urophylla and E.robusta’s total sugar content and reducing sugar content were higher than E.Protruding’s;the E. Protruding’s protein content and total phenols content were higher than others. The characteristics were obvious difference among the different leaf age of E. urophylla.7.In the experiment,four kinds of pesticides were chosen.The insecticidal activities of Beta-cypermethrin and Kuaishaling were respectively,higher than that of Avermectins and DDVP.An experiment was conducted to study the contents of catalase(CAT),peroxidase(POD),total phenolic compounds in the leaves of eucalyptus(Eucalyptus urophylla S.T.Blake)seedlings after fed by Dappula tertia Temploton or foliar spray of emamectin benzoate.Results showed that the CAT and POD activities of eucalyptus leaves after fed by D. tertia or sprayed with emamectin benzoate increase obviously,displaying a certain degree of resistance to insect induced by the two treatments.The photosynthesis of eucalyptus leaves after fed by D.tertia decreases indistinctively.The total phenolic content in the leaves after fed by D.tertia increases markedly,while foliar spray had no obvious effect on total phenolic content.8.The innovative points of the article was that we studied systemically the biological and ecological characteristics of Dappula tertia Templeton,the relationship between Dappula tertia Templeton and the physiological-biochemical characteristic of Eucalyptus sp.,and the control method of Dappula tertia Templeton.更多还原