【作者】 黄敏；

【导师】 陈超君；

【作者基本信息】 广西大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 广金钱草（Desmodium styracifolium）为传统常用中药,由于多年来的大量采挖已使野生资源濒临灭绝。目前,广金钱草的商品药材主要为人工栽培品,但有关广金钱草栽培技术尤其是施肥技术的研究却鲜见报道。因此,选择在大田栽培条件下,采用随机区组设计研究了5个施氮水平(0、37.5、75.0、112.5和150.0 kg·ha^-1)对广金钱草碳氮代谢、活性成分含量和药材产量的影响,以期确定广金钱草的合理施氮水平。研究的结果表明:1、施氮可明显提高广金钱草叶片叶绿素（CHL）和可溶性蛋白（SP）的含量,延缓叶片的衰老,并进一步提高叶片的还原糖（RS）、蔗糖（SC）和淀粉（ST）的含量,促进其碳代谢:施氮还可明显提高广金钱草叶片硝酸还原酶（NR）和谷丙转氨酶（GPT）的活性及酰脲（UR）和全氮（TN）的含量,促进其氮代谢。此外,施氮对广金钱草叶片碳氮代谢关系的调节也产生了明显的影响,提高了其糖氮比（S/N）。但施氮对广金钱草叶片碳氮代谢的促进作用并不总随施氮水平的上升而明显增强。其中,150.0与112.5 kg·ha^-1施氮水平下的广金钱草叶片的RS、SC和TN含量及GPT活性差异均不显著（P＞0.05）,而112.5和150.0 kg·ha^-1施氮水平下的UR含量则较不施氮处理有了极显著的下降（P＜0.01）。2、施氮可明显提高广金钱草多糖、总黄酮和总皂甙的含量,但提高的幅度并不总随施氮水平的上升而明显上升。其中,75.0、112.5和150.0kg·ha^-1施氮水平下多糖含量的差异不显著（P＞0.05）,150.0 kg·ha^-1施氮水平下的总黄酮含量较不施氮处理有了极显著的下降（P＜0.01）,112.5与150.0kg·ha^-1施氮水平下的总皂甙含量差异并未达显著水平（P＞0.05）。3、施氮可明显提高广金钱草的药材产量,但75.0、112.5和150.0kg·ha^-1施氮水平下药材产量的差异不显著（P＞0.05）。由此可见,在75.0～112.5 kg·ha^-1施氮水平下广金钱草叶片的碳氮代谢、活性成分含量和药材产量均有较好的表现。为此,认为其为本试验条件下广金钱草的适宜施氮水平。更多还原

【Abstract】 Desmodium styracifolium is a commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine,and the wild germplasm resources of it have been rare and endangered in recently years by the reason of over exploitation.At present, most of the commercial medicinal material of D.styracifolium is artificial cultispecies.However,there is little report on the cultivation techniques of D. styracifolium,especially on the fertilizion techniques.Therefore,a field experiment according to randomized block design was carried out to study the effects of 5 nitrogen application levels(0,37.5,75.0,112.5 and 150.0 kg·ha^-1) on the carbon-nitrogen metabolism,functional composition content and medicinal material yield of D.styracifolium,and to find out the optimal nitrogen application level of it.The results were summarized as follows:1.Nitrogen application could increase the contents of chlorophyll（CHL） and soluble protein（SP）of the leaves of D.styracifolium and retard the leaves aging,and thus,the content of reducing sugar（RS）,sucrose（SC）and starch （ST）of the leaves were increased,and the carbon metabolism was improved. And nitrogen application could improve the nitrogen metabolism though increasing the activities of nitrate reductase（NR）and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase（GPT）as well as the contents of ureides（UR）and total nitrogen （TN）of the leaves.Moreover,nitrogen application affected the regulation of carbon and nitrogen metabolism of the leaves,and the sugar-nitrogen ratio （S/N）of the leaves was increased.However,it was not always significant that the physiological parameters of carbon-nitrogen metabolism of the leaves were improved by nitrogen application with the increasing of nitrogen level, of which the contents of RS,SC and TN as well as the activity of GPT of the leaves under of 150.0 kg·ha^-1were no significant difference compared with those under the nitrogen level of 112.5 kg·ha（-1）（P＞0.05）,and the content of UR of the leaves under nitrogen application levels of 112.5 and 150.0 kg·ha（-1） were significantly lower than that of 0 kg·ha^-1（P＜0.01）.2.Nitrogen application could increase the contents of polysaccharide, total flavonoides and total saponins of D.styracifolium.However,with the increase of nitrogen level,the enhancing extent of the functional composition content was not always significant,of which the contents of the polysaccharide were no significantly difference among the nitrogen application levels of 75.0,112.5 and 150.0 kg·ha^-1（P＞0.05）,and the content of the total flavonoides under the nitrogen level of 150.0 kg·ha^-1was significantly lower than that of 0 kg·ha^-1（P＜0.01）,and the content of the total saponins under the nitrogen level of 150.0 kg·ha^-1was no significant difference compared with that of 112.5 kg·ha^-1（P＞0.05）.3.Nitrogen application could increase the medicinal material yield of D. styracifolium.However,the medicinal material yield were not significantly different among the nitrogen application levels of 75.0,112.5 and 150.0 kg·ha^-1（P＞0.05）.According to the above results,it was concluded that the carbon-nitrogen metabolism,functional composition content and medicinal material yield of D. styracifolium showed good performance under the nitrogen application levels of 75.0 to 112.5 kg·ha^-1,and suggesting that it was the optimal nitrogen application levels of D.styracifolium under the condition of this experiment.更多还原