旅游环境影响效应研究与景区间影响程度比较

【作者】 陈杨；

【导师】 贾铁飞；

【作者基本信息】 上海师范大学 ， 自然地理学， 2008， 硕士

【副题名】以共青森林公园、东平国家森林公园和天使海滩度假村为例

【摘要】 旅游环境是旅游资源赋存的基础,也是旅游业发展的先决条件。上个世纪80年代以来,国内旅游业的迅猛发展使得旅游地的环境污染和环境破坏问题日益突出。国内有关旅游环境影响方面的研究与国外相比仍显滞后,目前仅局限在单一环境因子影响效应的研究上,多个景区间旅游环境影响综合研究并不多见。本文以上海杨浦区共青森林公园、崇明东平国家森林公园和横沙岛天使海滩度假村为研究区,采用既成事实、对比分析、以及数量分析相结合的方法,研究旅游活动影响下三个景区土壤、植被、水环境的影响效应;在此基础上,运用主成分分析的方法对土壤环境、水环境指标进行综合评价,并对景区内、景区间的影响程度进行比较;同时将土壤环境与植被环境指标进行相关分析,探讨旅游活动对土壤—植被系统干扰的特点。初步得出如下结论:(1)土壤环境影响研究为消除背景值的影响,采用土壤指标变化率反映对活动区各样地土壤指标对旅游活动响应的程度。速效磷和速效钾的变化率较复杂,两者对旅游活动的响应不明显。土壤指标相关性分析发现,三个景区的土壤pH值、有机质、全氮之间的相关性较好。本文尝试将主成分分析法运用到旅游环境影响的研究中,并取得了较好的效果。研究表明主成分分析法在评判土壤环境质量、比较旅游环境影响程度方面较为理想。总体而言,共青森林公园土壤环境受到的影响最大,其次为东平国家森林公园,受影响最小的是天使海滩度假村。这与三个景区的地理位置、交通的通达性、游客人数、景区面积有关。景区内分析发现,活动区土壤环境质量最差,其次为缓冲区,最小为背景区。需要指出的是天使海滩度假村缓冲区的土壤环境受到化肥的影响,质量优于背景区。样地尺度内,游客集中的样地如小径、休息点、婚纱摄影,以及旅游活动集中开展的景点,如滑草场、原野乐园、跑马场等样地的土壤所受影响较严重,环境质量低,这为公园分区管理提供了依据。(2)植被环境影响研究景区内各样地植被的物种数和盖度受到了不同程度的影响。植被环境的变化最终都反映在土壤环境上,植被环境与土壤环境之间是一种反馈的关系。研究发现旅游活动影响下,土壤质量的变化会引起植被盖度的改变,盖度的变化又进一步体现在土壤质量上。(3)水环境影响研究总体而言,共青森林公园水环境受到的影响最大,其次为天使海滩度假村,受影响最小的是东平国家森林公园。旅游活动对水环境的影响除了与活动方式、活动强度有关外,与水域面积、自净能力亦有显著的关系。样区尺度内,各景区内的水环境质量,随着旅游活动强度的加大,有变差的趋势;且开展旅游活动的水域受到了不同程度的影响,其中以污染物的排放对水环境的影响最大,如共青森林公园的烧烤区、别墅区及水上游乐园;相对而言开展垂钓和游船活动的区域,受到的影响较小。更多还原

【Abstract】 Tourism environment is a kind of important tourism resources, which is fundamental to the development of tourism. Since the 1980s, with the rapid development of the domestic tourism industry, environment issues have become increasingly obvious. However, our domestic study on tourism environment is still lagging behind, comparing with abroad. At present, study only is confined to one tourism region within a single environmental factor; comparative studies between different area are lacking.This paper takes Gongqing Forest Park in Yang Pu District, Chongming Dongping National Forest Park and Angels Beach Resort in Heng Sha Island as examples. Adopting the combination methods of comparative analysis, and quantitative analysis, it takes soil, vegetation, water in the three zones as the research objects. On the base of the analysis on environmental impact, it uses the method of principal component analysis to evaluate environmental indicators of soil, water environment, and to contrast the extent of the impact internal and external scenic spots, at the same time, makes correlation analysis between vegetation and soil environment, to find interference characteristics on the soil - vegetation system. The results of the study go as follow:(1)Tourism development brings a large impact on soil. Both available phosphorus and potassium are complex, they have no obvious response to the tourism activities. Correlation analysis shows that there is an notable association among pH, organic matter and nitrogen content.Principal component analysis is an effective method to evaluate soil environmental quality and to compare the intensity of environmental impact. In all, the soil environment of Gongqing Forest Park is the worst affected, followed by Dongping National Forest Park, Angel Beach Resort. This result is related to location, traffic accessibility, the number of visitors, scenic areas. The internal analysis shows that activity areas has the worst soil quality, followed by buffer zones, and the background. To be pointed out is that soil buffer area in the Angels Beach Resort is affected by chemical fertilizers, so its quality is superior to the background. The analysis on small scale shows that, the concentration of tourists sample such as trails, rest, wedding photography, as well as tourism activities concentrated sample on, such as the Hua caochang, wilderness park, were heavily affected, which provide a basis on management of the park district.(2)The number of species and vegetation cover was in varying degrees by the impact. Vegetation changing in the environment will ultimately reflect on the soil environment. Through analyzing it finds that under the influence of tourism activities, changing in the quality of the soil will cause changes in vegetation cover, the cover is further reflected in the changes in soil quality.(3)Overall, the impact on the water environment in Gongqing Forest Park is the largest, followed by the Angels Beach Resort, Dongping National Forest Park. Water environment impact is related to the style and strength of the activities and with the water areas self-purification ability. With the increased intensity of tourism activities, the trend of deterioration is obvious; and the quality of the waters varies in degrees of impact, the emission of pollutants on water environment has the greatest impact, such as barbecue areas and villas in Gong Qing Forest Park, but the activities of cruise ships and fishing areas, has the smaller impact.更多还原