【作者】 孙亚萍；

【导师】 祝树德；

【作者基本信息】 扬州大学 ， 农业昆虫与害虫防治， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,烟粉虱[Bemisi atabaci((Gennadius)]已成为番茄上最重要的害虫之一,其危害导致番茄产量、营养品质大幅度下降,造成严重的经济损失。为探明烟粉虱危害机制,本文研究了烟粉虱危害对番茄品质、番茄生长发育及生理生化特性的影响,为烟粉虱的控制和番茄抗虫品种的选育提供理论依据。主要研究结果如下:1、系统研究了烟粉虱危害对番茄品质的影响本文研究了烟粉虱不同虫口密度危害对番茄果实品质的影响,结果表明:烟粉虱为害后可使成熟期番茄VC含量下降15.07%-54.49%,可溶性糖下降9.75%-62.40%。糖酸比也随着虫口密度的升高明显下降。总酸度和蛋白质在绿熟期和成熟期两生育期的变化不规律。烟粉虱危害后VC、总糖、糖酸比、总酸度、蛋白质等营养指标在绿熟期都低于成熟期。不同密度烟粉虱危害后番茄花粉活力、坐果率都呈下降趋势,并且随着危害等级升高,下降幅度越大。烟粉虱危害等级为3级、4级、5级时番茄花粉活力下降幅度较大,下降率分别是对照的83.6%、66.4%、58.8%。不同密度烟粉虱为害后坐果率是对照的97.7%-24.1%;番茄平均单果重是对照的92.2%-48.0%.2、研究了烟粉虱危害对番茄生长发育的影响本研究结果表明:当烟粉虱密度为50头/株、450头/株,危害7天后,对照与有虫处理间番茄茎杆周长、株高差异不明显;但是危害14天以后,对照与有虫处理之间的番茄茎杆周长、株高差异越来越明显;危害对28天后,50头/株烟粉虱危害株高比对照下降19cm,450头/株烟粉虱危害株高比对照下降23cm。研究结果表明烟粉虱危害对干物重积累影响最大,危害28天后,50头/株、450头/株烟粉虱危害后的干物重分别是对照的71.56%、45.09%。烟粉虱危害对壮苗指数(SSI)有明显影响,当烟粉虱密度为50头/株、450头/株,危害28天后,壮苗指数分别是对照的83.27%、37.98%。烟粉虱危害对幼苗相对生长速率(RGR)也有明显影响。3、研究了烟粉虱危害对苗期番茄光合作用、叶绿素、根系活力以及原生质浓度的影响研究结果表明:(1)烟粉虱危害影响苗期番茄净光合速率。番茄苗期烟粉虱50头/株,危害3天、6天、9天后的净光合速率分别是对照的93.48%、90.13%、89.35%;番茄苗期烟粉虱450头/株,危害3天、6天、9天后的净光合速率分别是对照的86.23%、81.57%、78.70%。(2)烟粉虱危害影响苗期番茄叶绿素含量。烟粉虱危害对苗期番茄叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素含量影响很明显。50头/株烟粉虱危害9天后,叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素的下降率分别为25.24%、23.55%、24.60%;450头/株烟粉虱危害9天后,叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素的下降率分别为62.02%、23.55%、49.13%。(3)烟粉虱危害影响苗期番茄根系活力。烟粉虱危害后,苗期番茄根系活力随着虫口密度的升高而减弱。50头/株烟粉虱,危害3、6、9天后,苗期番茄根系活力分别是对照的90.41%、87.80%、78.02%;450头/株时,危害3、6、9天后的根系活力分别是对照的82.88%、77.91%、60.78%。(4)烟粉虱危害影响苗期番茄原生质浓度。当烟粉虱密度为50头/株、450头/株危害9天后,苗期番茄可溶性糖含量与对照均达极显著差异水平。50头/株、450头/株烟粉虱危害9天后脯氨酸含量分别是对照的1.74、2.44倍。4、烟粉虱危害对番茄苗期保护酶系的影响烟粉虱危害对各防御酶和保护酶的影响比较复杂。本研究结果表明:番茄受烟粉虱危害后,叶片内POD活性随处理时间的延长而增高,50头/株,危害2、4、6天后,酶活性分别为对照的108.58%、128.29%、142.99%;450头/株酶活性分别为对照的130.66%、163.94%、184.75%。烟粉虱危害对PAL酶活性的影响与POD一致,但上升幅度较小。番茄受烟粉虱危害后CAT酶活性始终高于对照的活性。50头/株时危害,CAT酶活性在处理4天时达高峰,6天后开始下降,同期酶活性分别是对照的116.54%、132.84%、118.00%;450头/株,酶活性在烟粉虱危害2天时达高峰,随着处理时间的延长逐渐下降,同期酶活性分别是对照的129.43%、112.50%、101.40%。苗期番茄叶片中PPO活性随着危害时间的延长逐渐升高。烟粉虱密度为50头/株、450头/株危害4天后,SOD酶活性均显著高于对照。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius) has become one of the most important pests of tomato, causing large economic losses due to decreasing yield and quality of tomato. The effects of Bemisia tabaci damage on tomato quality, growth and development, physiological and biochemical characteristics were studied in this paper to further understand the damage mechanism of Bemisia tabaci. The study will be a theory basis for Bemisia tabaci management and breeding of insect-resistant tomato. The major results are as follows:1、The effects of Bemisia tabaci damage on tomato qualityThe effects of Bemisia tabaci at different damage densities on tomato quality were studied in this paper. The results indicated that at mature stage as the density increased the contents of vitaminC(VC) and sugar decreased by 15.07%-54.49% and 9.75%-62.40%, respectively The ratio of solution sugar to acid also dropped significantly with the increasing damage degrees. However, total acid and proteins at green mature stage and mature stage didn’t change with apparent law. Several nutritional statuses including Vc, total sugar, Suger/Acid, total acid and proteins were all lower at green mature stage than at mature stage The pollen vitality as well as the fruit-set rate was negatively affected by the damage degree. The pollen vitalities at 3, 4, 5 degree levels were 83.6%, 66.4%, 58.8% of the control, respectively, while the fruit-set rates ranged from 24.1% to 97.7% of the control at different damage degrees The mean weights per fruit were 92.2%-48.0% of the control2、The effects of Bemisia tabaci damage on tomato growth and developmentThe results showed that growth and development of tomato were significantly influenced when the damage densities were 50 and 450 individuals per plant. There were no obvious differences in plant height and stem girth at the first 7 days, while the differences became more and more significant from the 14th day after damage. After 28th day,the plant heights of the treatment of 50 individual per plant declined 19cm compared with the control; the plant heights of the treatment of 450 per plant declined 23cm compared with the control .The most sensitive character influenced by Bemisia tabaci damage was the dry weight which became 71.56% and 45.09% of the control on the 28th day after damage when densities were 50 and 450 individuals per plant, respectively. Seedling index of tomato on the 28th day after damage of 50 individuals per plant was 83.27% of the control,while the corresponding value was 37.98% at 450 individuals per plant. The trends in effects of Bemisia tabaci on RGR and SSI were similar The effects of Bemisia tabaci damage on RGR is wery significant.3、The effects of Bemisia tabaci damage on tomato photosynthesis, chlorophyll, root activity and plasm concentrationThe results showed that:(1) The damage of Bemisia tabaci effect the photosynthetic rates of tomato leaf.The photosynthetic rates of tomato leaf were 93.48%, 90.13%, 89.35% of the control at the 3rd, 6th, 9th day after damage respectively when the density was 50 individuals per plant, while the corresponding values were 86.23%, 81.57%, 78.70% at 450 individuals per plant.(2) The damage of Bemisia tabaci affect contents of the total chlorophyll. The contents of total chlorophyll ,chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b were significantly differents after Bemisia tabaci damage. The decrease rate of the total chlorophyll,chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b reached 24.60%, 25.24% and 23.55% respectively at 9 days after damage when the density was 50 individuals per plant, while the corresponding values were 49.13%, 62.02%, 23.55% at 450 individuals per plant.(3) The damage of Bemisia tabaci effect root activity. The damage density of Bemisia tabaci had a reverse effect on root activity,the values of which were 90.41%,87.80%, 78.02% of the control on the 3rd, 6th, 9th day after damage respectively when the density was 50 individuals per plant, while the corresponding values were 82.88%,77.91%, 60.78% at 450 individuals per plant.(4) There were significant differences in soluble sugar of tomato seeding compared with the control at 9th days after damage both with density of 50 individuals per plant and of 450 individuals per plant The proline contents of tomato seeding leaf were 1.74-times and 2.44-timescompared with the control at 9th days after damage when the densities were 50 and 450 individuals per plant, respectively.4、The effects of Bemisia tabaci damage on protective enzymes of tomato seedingThe effects of Bemisia tabaci damage on protective enzymes of tomato were complex. The POD activities of tomato leaf increased with the days after treat, the values of which were 108.58%, 128.29%,142.99% of the control on the 2nd,4th,6th day after damage respectively when the density was 50 individuals per plant,while the corresponding values were 130.66%, 163.94%,184.75% at 450 individuals per plant.The effects of Bemisia tabaci damage on PAL activity were similar with the effects on POD except that the ascending range of PAL activity was much smaller.The CAT activities of Bemisia tabaci damaged tomato were always higher than that of the control. The activity of 50 individuals per plant reached the peak on the 4th day after damage,and decreased from the 6th day..In the same time,CAT activities is 116.54%,132.84%,118.06% respectively of the control. The activity of 450 individuals per plant reached the peak on the 2th day.In the same time ,CAT activities is 129.43%,112.5%,101.4% respectively of the control.The PPO activities of tomato seeding leaf increased with the days after treat,.After 4th days of damage,SOD activities of the treatments of 50 and 450 per plant is significantly highter than the control.更多还原