银杏叶片光合特性和超微结构研究

【作者】 王丽丽；

【导师】 凌裕平；

【作者基本信息】 扬州大学 ， 果树学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 本实验利用Li-6400光合测定仪测定不同栽植方式和衰老期银杏叶片的光合特性,应用扫描电镜和能谱分析观测不同光强条件下气孔运动及气孔保卫细胞与副卫细胞中元素含量的变化,运用TENCAI-12型透射电子显微镜观察衰老期和不同光质的光处理后叶片超微结构变化,结果如下:1.实生乔化银杏不同层面上叶片的平均净光合速率小于密植矮化银杏的,而变异度大于密植矮化银杏的;利用光合测定仪在梯度光照下测定乔化银杏顶层、中层和底层叶片的光响应曲线,计算得LCP分别为40.39、48.13和27.44μmol·m-2·s-1,光补偿点为中位叶>上位叶>下位叶。而LSP均在600~800μmol·m-2·s-1左右的区域。2.银杏叶片气孔保卫细胞与副卫细胞中K浓度差与光照强度符合方程Y=3E-10X3-1E-06X2+0.0017X+1.334.53,R2=0.8129,呈极显著曲线相关关系,光强为800μmol·m-2·s-1时,K浓度差最大,光强过强或过弱K浓度差均变小;气孔开张度与光照强度符合方程Y=6E-10X3-3E-06X2+0.0037X+3.7438,R2=0.9151,呈极显著曲线相关关系;K对气孔开张度的直接作用做大,S和Cl对气孔开张起负作用,但通过K对气孔开张的作用很大;保卫细胞高于副卫细胞的元素有K、Ca、S、Mn、Fe、Cl、Cu,副卫细胞高于保卫细胞的元素有O、Mg、P;电镜观测银杏叶片气孔外围副卫细胞有角质唇形物突起(乳突),气孔内陷。3.衰老期银杏叶片Chla和Chlb含量呈显著下降趋势,而类胡萝卜素含量呈上升趋势;银杏叶片衰老期Pn和Ls呈下降趋势,而Ci逐渐上升。按本院密植矮化银杏测算,在11月10日左右Pn下降至0,从11月10日到27日,平均每株银杏释放出约880.21g CO2;银杏叶片衰老期间叶绿体结构发生明显变化:外形由长椭圆形逐渐趋于圆形,叶绿体的被膜逐步解体,基粒片层和基质片层排列杂乱至模糊不清,质体小球不断增多,线粒体内嵴数目和内质网不断减少。4.银杏叶片在暗处理下呈黄色,未发现叶绿体的存在,黄化苗中的质体发育成黄化质体,其最显著的特征是具有晶格状的原片层体。而用不同光质的光对黄化叶片处理后发现,不同光质的光均能诱导叶绿体形成。但经红光处理的叶片,形成的叶绿体中只有少量基质片层,并未出现基粒片层的垛叠。而经白光和蓝光处理的叶片,不但有叶绿体形成,而且叶绿体内有较多基质片层和基粒片层的形成。白光处理的叶片比蓝光处理的形成更多基质片层,而且基粒片层的垛叠程度也相对较高。更多还原

【Abstract】 This experiment had used Li-6400 portable photosynthesis system to determine the light quality of leaves in different planted way and senescent ginkgo leaves. Under artificial gradient illumination, using the scan electron microscope and the energy spectrum analysis determined the movement of stomata and the elements content of guard cells and subsidiary cells of ginkgo leaf. And using TENCAI-12-type transmission electronic microscope studied the ultrastructure of senescent ginkgo leaves and the leaves under different light. The results showed that:1. The average net photosynthetic rate of natural ginkgo leaves in different floor was smaller than shortenized and densely planted ginkgo’s, but the CV of it was changed bigger than that; The light compensation point of natural planted ginkgo leaves in the top、middle and bottom-level were 40.39、48.13 and 27.44μmol·m-2·s-1,The light compensation point of natural planted ginkgo leaves in different floor appears within range about 600~800μmol·m-2·s-1.2. The K concentration difference between guard cells and subsidiary cells of ginkgo leaf showed significant regular changes, correlative equation was Y=3E-10X3-1E-06X2+0.0017X+1.334.53,R2=0.8129, showed the extremely significant curvilinear correlation. The K+ concentration difference is the biggest when illumination intensity at 800μmol·m-2·s-1,under excessively strong or excessively weak illumination intensity, the K concentration difference between guard cells and subsidiary cells is comparative small; Fitting the relation between stomatal open state and the illumination intensity, correlative equationY=6E-10X3-3E-06X2+0.0037X+3.7438, R2=0.9151, showed the extremely significant curvilinear correlation;The K content had direct function to the stomatal open state, The S and Cl and the negative function to the stomatal open state, but they had big function to the stomatal open state get across K; The element contents of guard cells were higher than subsidiary cells were K、Ca、S、Mn、Fe、Cl、Cu, the element contents of the subsidiary cells were higher than the guard cell were O、Mg、P; The observation through transmission electron microscope showed that there was cutin liplike protuberance at the peripheric subsidiary cells of ginkgo leaves, papillate, invaginate of the stoma.3. The chl a content and the chl b content showed a significant downward trend, carotenoid content showed a up trend; The net photosynthetic rate and Ls showed a significant downward trend, bue the Ci showed a up trend. Account according to ginkgo grew up in our college, the result showed that Pn get 0 on Nov.16th,2007, and 880.21g CO2 would be released every ginkgo from Nov.16th to Nov.27th; The results indicated that the chloroplasts variation was significant during senescence of ginkgo: The chloroplasts’shape changed form oblong to sphere, and the membrane envelope of chloroplast broke. The grana lamella and the stroma lamella of chloroplast arranged disorderly and blurring finally. The plastoglobulus increased. The cristaes in the mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum decreased.4. There had no chloroplast exist under dark treatment. And the plastid in etiolated seedlings developed into etioplast. And the obvious character of the etioplast is there had the prolamellar body exist. Use the white、red and blue light treatment to the etiolated seedlings, found that chloroplast had formed under all this light treatment. Research on microstructure changes of etiolated ginkgo leaves under red light treatment showed that chloroplast had formed and there had some stroma lamella in it. But research on microstructure changes of etiolated ginkgo leaves under white and blue light treatment showed that chloroplast had formed and there had some stroma lamella in it. And the grana lamella piled up. the grana lamella piled up under the white light treatment is higher than the blue light’s更多还原