【作者】 陶笔蕾；

【导师】 杨云；

【作者基本信息】 扬州大学 ， 计算机应用技术， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 无线传感器网络由大量具有数据感知、信息处理和无线通信能力的传感节点组成,节点间以无线多跳的无中心方式连接。它集合了传感测量、微电机系统、嵌入式计算以及网络通信等多种学科,是一门新兴的综合性科学技术。无线传感器网络以数据为中心、强调信息的感知和协同处理,提供了一种全新的信息获取和处理方法,具有十分广阔的应用前景,引起了学术界和工业界的高度重视。然而,由于无线传感器节点数量众多、能源和处理能力有限、维护困难且性能难以保证、数据高度冗余、应用环境复杂多样等,这些特点从基础理论和工程技术两个层面给网络协议设计和信息处理带来巨大挑战,相关研究受到越来越多研究者的关注。本文围绕如何提高传感器网络路由性能进行了研究,主要研究成果如下:(1)无线传感器网络节点数量庞大、单个节点资源极其有限,其路由协议设计的首要目标是有效节约能源,延长网络生命周期。在分析了几种经典的无线传感器网络路由协议的基础上,根据无线传感器网络自身特点,提出一种能实现高效节能路由机制的软件代理结构。在Agent推理模块部分引入遗传算子,基于聚类首领个数、与基站直接通信的距离以及聚类后的通信距离等设定适应值函数,设计了一种新的基于遗传策略的路由代理算法RAGA(Routing Agent using Genetic Algorithms)。(2)为了使无线传感器网络算法能更好的适应实际应用,研究在异构环境下的传感器网络路由算法,提出了一种基于数据融合的分布式成簇算法DCDF (Distributed Clustering with Data Fusion Algorithm)。在成簇时考虑簇大小、簇头平均功率以及负载均衡来实现每轮能量消耗基本均等以延长网络的稳定周期,并通过数据融合算法降低传输数据量和防止链路拥塞。DCDF算法在网络稳定周期和相同数据的上报率上均取得了较好的效果。(3)针对无线传感器网络特点和节点的剩余能量、延时、延时抖动、带宽等QoS约束问题,提出了基于WSN节点最大剩余能量的多QoS约束多播路由算法SEQMRA-W(Surplus Energy Qos Multicast Routing Algorithm based on WSN)。该算法把最大剩余能量作为第一度量,同时考虑节点带宽、延时、延时抖动等因素,并对算法进行了复杂性分析。算法在路由成功率、多播树费用、能量消耗方面均具有较好特性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Wireless Sensor Network(WSN) consists of numbers of sensor nodes which have the capabilities of data sensing, information processing and wireless communication. These nodes are connected in the form of wireless multi-hop and non-center. WSN is made by the convergence of sensor, MEMS, nested computation and network communication technologies. It is a rising integrated network technology. WSN focus on data and emphasizes on information sensing and cooperation of each node. It provides a fire-new technology about acquiring and processing information. It has a wide application future. Both academia and industries are very interested in it.However, WSN has its own characteristics. Such as the number of sensor node in WSN is numerous, the power and the capability of the single node is extraordinary limited, it is difficult to maintenance, the redundancy of the data is high and the application condition is complex. These features bring enormous challenges from the basic theory and engineering technical levels to the network design and information processing. The correlative researches are getting more and more attention of the researchers. How to improve the capability of routing protocol of WSN is the main part of this dissertation. The main achievements are as follows:(1) The numbers of sensor node in WSN are numerous and single node is extraordinarily limited in resource. The all-important aim of designing routing protocol of WSN is to reduce the overall energy dissipated in the network and to maximize the network lifetime. The author analyzed and compared some routing protocols and then designed a new routing protocol of WSN—a software Agent that is able to determine energy efficient routing techniques. What is unique about our proposed Agent approach is that the Agent has a learning capability using genetic arithmetic operators. We propose a new algorithm called RAGA(Routing Agent using Genetic Algorithms) while the fitness criterion is based on number of cluster heads, direct distance to sink, and cluster distance.(2) For the wireless sensor network to adapt real application better, we need to study the sensor network algorithm in heterogeneous environment. The DCDF(Distributed Clustering with Data Fusion Algorithm) proposed in this paper is just an algorithm considering distributed clustering with data fusion in energy heterogeneous network. By considering cluster size, average power of cluster and load balance to control the average energy cost per round equally in the main, so that the stable period can be prolonged and by data fusion to decrease the transmitted data and prevent the link congestion. Simulation results show that DCDF has a good performance of stable network period and report rate of same data.(3) In allusion to the network characteristic of wireless sensor network and QoS constraints, such as, surplus energy of nodes, time lapse, time lapse wobble, bandwidth and so on. This paper takes the maximal surplus energy for the first measurement, simultaneity considering the factors including bandwidth of nodes, time lapse, time lapse wobble and so on, then proposes a multi-QoS constrained multicast route algorithm SEQMRA-W(Surplus Energy Qos Multicast Routing Algorithm based on WSN) based on maximal nodes’surplus energy. The analysis of complexity is given and the experiment indicated that the algorithm has fairly good characteristic in terms of the routing success rate, the cost of multicast tree and energy consumption.更多还原