高等教育大众化阶段我国高校招生制度改革研究

【作者】 梁水芹；

【导师】 郭桂英；

【作者基本信息】 扬州大学 ， 教育经济与管理， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 高校招生制度历来是我国一项重要的社会制度和教育制度,它对人才资源的配置、素质教育的导向和社会公平的维系都起着至关重要的作用。高校招生制度自建立以来,为国家合理、有效地选拔人才,为学生提供相对公平、公正的竞争环境,发挥了积极的作用。随着我国高等教育大众化的推进,在高校分类办学和学生个性化发展的内在要求下,原来在人才选拔中发挥积极作用的统考统招制度已经不能适应社会发展的需要了。对高校招生制度改革的研究越来越受到社会各界尤其是高等教育界的重视。论文从高校招生制度的内涵界定入手,系统论述了我国高校招生制度的历史演进,总结其中的经验与教训;分析了目前高校招生制度中存在的问题及其原因,并借鉴国外高校招生制度改革的成功经验,运用教育公平理论、多元智能理论和集权-分权理论来研究我国高校招生制度的改革,提出了高校招生制度改革的三大原则:渐进性原则、适应性原则和创新性原则。并在此原则指导下,系统地论述了我国高校招生制度改革的思路,其内容主要包括如下几方面。①强化高校招生制度改革的意识。应转变传统考试观,树立教育评价观;转变政绩观,淡化应试心态;转变高校的等级观,树立高校招生中的双向选择观;转变“效率优先,兼顾公平”的观念,维护高校招生的公平性。②建立以全国统考为基础的多元考试制度。首先,应建立“高考+会考”的高考制度;其次,应由政府主持考试向政府监督社会化考试的方式转变。③建立高校分类招生的录取制度。④建立高校招生考试信息公开与监督制度。⑤建立有关高校招生考试争议的裁决制度。论文的创新之处在于:1、对我国高校招生制度改革的发展历程进行了详细的归纳与分析,并在现有研究成果的基础上,对高等教育大众化阶段高校招生制度改革进行了深入系统地研究;2、对高校招生制度的内涵进行了界定,并以此为逻辑起点,综合运用高等教育学、教育心理学和政治学等相关理论,提出了高校招生制度改革的原则及和目标;3、在高校招生制度改革原则的指导下,系统地提出了我国高校招生制度改革的建议,对于高校招生改革的实践具有一定的指导意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 College admission system is always an important social system and educational system. It plays an important role in allocation of human resources, orientation of quantity education and maintenance of social equity. From established, college admission system plays a positive role in properly and efficiently selecting talents for the country, and offering the relatively fair competitive environment. Along with the advancement of the popularization of higher education, at the request of college category and students personalized development, the system of unified college admission by the same examination, which took positive effects before, has not adapt to the needs of social development. Researching college admission has been paid more and more attention to by people in social community especially higher education sectors.Starting from defining the connation of college admission system, the paper systematically discusses the historical evolution of college admission system and summarizes its experiences and lessons. Also the article analyzes some problems existing in present college admission system, applies the theory of educational fairness, multiple intelligences and centralization-decentralization to research the reform of China college admission system through learning from foreign experiences of college admission system reform, and puts forward three principles of college admission system: the principle of gradual, the principle of adaptability, innovative principles.Under the guidance of the principles above, the paper systematically discusses the thoughts about the reform of China college admission which contains some aspects as follows.①Strengthen the sense of college admission reform. We should change the traditional examination view and set up a concept of educational evaluation, change the achievements view and dilute the exam-oriented mentality, change the rating concept of higher educational institutions and set up a mutual-choosing concept, and change the concept of“giving priority to efficiency with due consideration to fairness”and maintain the equity of college admission.②Establish the diversified examination system based on China college admission exams. First, we should establish the system of college admission exams as“college admission exams + general certificate of education examination”. Second, we should change the exams organization from government to non-government which needs to be supervised by the former.③Establish the college admission system in categories.④Establish the information disclosure and supervision system college admission.⑤Establish the ruling system about college admission and exams.The paper’s innovation points lie in following aspects. 1. The paper summarizes in detail and analyzes the development of China college admission system, and on the basis of present research results, deeply and systematically researches the college admission system reform in popularization of higher education. 2. The paper defines the connotation of college admission system, on the basis of which, applies some theories related to higher education, education psychology and political science to puts forward some principles and objectives of college admission system. 3. Under the guidance of college admission reform principles, the paper systematically puts forward some suggestions about college admission system reform which has certain significance for college admission practices.更多还原